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1、专题二主旨大意挖命题【考情探究】考点内容五年考频统计2014天津卷2015天津卷2016天津卷2017春天津卷2017夏天津卷2018春天津卷2018夏天津卷主旨大意主要考查考生归纳概括文章内容以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。2211231分析解读1.归纳段落大意一定要在把握全段内容和全文中心思想的基础上进行。2.文章主旨是通过段落的大意得出的且主要由主题句来体现,识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的中心思想是解答该类题的关键。3.标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达形式。解题时要在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、判断等逻辑思维方法,对文章的主题和中心思想进行高度概括或提炼,从而选择出标题。纵观近五
2、年天津高考,该题型所占比重较小,主要以归纳文章标题和概括段落或文章主旨大意的形式来考查。过专题【五年高考】A组自主命题天津卷题组Passage 1(2018天津夏,C)词数:365Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus:food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping ther
3、e.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food
4、that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food produ
5、ction will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the famil
6、iar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a
7、 professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements
8、 in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of t
9、he 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food
10、production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens the transportation of foo
11、d.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food.A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials4.Wh
12、at is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New T
13、echnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table答案1.B2.D3.B4.C5.APassage 2(2018天津春,C)词数:396If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarksa big red house or a bus-stop sign. Bu
14、t what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?Could you still find your way home?A loggerhead turtle(海龟)could.According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic(磁力的)sense based on Earths magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beac
15、hes.Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees, can detect(探测到)magnetic fields. The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned a
16、s eggs.As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure out how to use their magnetic sense?Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light on the sea.Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Headin
