《优势证据规则的理论与实证研究》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《优势证据规则的理论与实证研究（48页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 密 级： 学校代码：10075 分类号： 学 号： 20090264 法律硕士学位论文 优势证据规则的理论与实证研究 学位申请人： 王增艳 指 导 教 师 ： 柯阳友 王越飞教授 学 位 类 别 ： 法律硕士 授 予 单 位 ： 河北大学 答 辩 日 期 ： 二一二年六月 Classified Index： CODE：10075 U.D.C： NO：20090264 A Dissertation for the Degree of J.M The Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Preponderance of Evidence Candidat
2、e: Wang Zengyan Supervisor: Prof.Ke Yangyou Wang Yuefei Academic Degree Applied for: Juris Master University: Hebei University Date of Oral Examination: June, 2012 摘 要 I 摘 要 在民事案件的审理过程中，由于受到各种主客观因素的制约，一味地追求还原事实 的真实形态，是不切合实际的：不仅影响诉讼效率，而且可能还会导致纠纷继续升级， 难以保障当事人的合法权益。因此，要求建立一种能够有效解决这一司法难题的新型证 明标准即优势证据规则的
3、呼声愈来愈高。 民事诉讼中的优势证据是指在民事案件中， 双方当事人提出各自主张的事实并分别 用足够分量的证据来加以佐证，在双方当事人完成举证责任后，法官依据当事人提供的 证据作出判断， 对证明力较强的一方， 法官就可认定其主张成立并宣布该方当事人胜诉。 优势证据体现了 “法律真实” 的证明要求， 是适用民事案件最低限度的证明标准， 是 “质” 与“量”上的优势。 最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定突破了民事诉讼法的规定，确 立了“明显优势”的证明标准。这就使得法官在民事审判活动中判断案件事实的真实性 不再只根据“案件事实清楚，证据确实、充分” ，而是可以根据案件的具体情况适用优 势证据规则
4、。 对是否在民事证据中建立优势证据证明标准，学术界存在“反对论”与“赞成论” 两种观点，本文主张确立优势证据的证明标准。由于我国民事诉讼法典缺失优势证据规 则，并且司法实践中法官未能全面采用这一规则，因此应从以下五个方面完善我国优势 证据规则：确立以“客观真实”为主， “法律真实”为辅的证明标准；立法确认优势证 据规则；适用优势证据规则时有必要进行合议审判；注重判决理由的说理性；以判例形 式确定优势证据规则的适用标准。 关键词 司法证明 民事证明标准 优势证据规则 法律真实 Abstract II Abstract In the civil trial process, it is not p
5、ractical to blindly seek the true form for restoring the facts because of all kinds of subjective and objective factors: not only affects the efficiency of lawsuit, and may also lead to the dispute keeping upgrade, so that it is difficult to safeguard the legal rights of the parties. Therefore, the
6、voice that a new standard of proofpreponderance of evidence which could solve the problem is requested to establish is higher and higher. The preponderance of evidence, in the fields of civil lawsuits, is that both parties put forward their assertions respectively with enough evidence, after complet
7、ing the burden of proof, the judge can hold the assertions of the party whose probative force of the evidence is stronger and claim that the party is the winner based on the judgment to those evidences in the civil case. The preponderance of evidence reflected the proving requirement of “legal factu
8、ality” and it is the standard of proof in the lowest limit in the process of applying to the civil cases. Also, it is the preponderance of “quality” and “quantity”. The Supreme Peoples Court Regulations on Several Issues in the Civil Action Evidence broke through the regulations of the Law of Civil
9、Procedure and established the proving standard of “obvious preponderance“, which made the judge no longer base on the “facts are clear, evidences are indeed and fully” to judge the authenticity of the facts, but on the actual circumstances of the case to apply to preponderance of evidence in the civ
10、il trial process. Whether to build the preponderance of evidence in the civil evidence, there are “opposing“ and “supporting“ in academic circles. The author is in favor of the latter. Because of the standards vacancy in the Law of Civil Procedure and no roundly using by the judges, so it is should
11、be perfected from the five aspects as below: to establish the proving standard “objective factuality“ given priority to, the “legal factuality“ as auxiliary; legislating to confirm preponderance of evidence; applying to preponderance of evidence by means of collegiate bench necessarily; to emphasize
12、 the reasonable of the reason in the judgment; to establish the applicable standards in the form of the precedents. Abstract III Keywords judicial proof civil standard of proof preponderance of evidence legal factuality 目 录 IV 目 录 引 言 1 第 1 章 优势证据概述 1 1.1 优势证据的概念和特征 3 1.1.1 优势证据的概念 3 1.1.2 优势证据的特征 3 1.2 优势证据与相关范畴的关系 6 1.2.1 优势证据与优势盖然性 6 1.2.2 优势证据与自由心证 7 第 2 章 英美法系民事证明标准考察 8 2.1 英美法系确立民事证明标准的理论基础 8 2.1.1 理性主义、经验主义、怀疑主义 8 2.1.2 平等原则和错误最小化模式 9 2.2 英美法系民事证明标准的特点
