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1、 I 摘摘 要要 在市场经济条件下，企业是社会经济的微观运行主体。企业成长已经成为 经济繁荣的重要基础，成为国家竞争优势的主要源泉。长期以来，企业的寿命 与成长成为世界范围内深切关注的话题。有关数据显示，美国大约有 62%的企 业寿命不超过 5 年；在日本和欧洲，所有大小企业的平均寿命为 12.5 年:而我国 每年有近 100 万家企业倒闭。然而，与之形成鲜明对比的是，一些百年以上的 企业依旧生机勃勃。与此相对应的是，这些存活百年之上的企业在其成长历程 中，不断涌现出优秀的企业家。现代经济理论认为，资本可分为物质资本和人 力资本。而经营决策正是企业家人力资本在企业中的运用，从这个角度说，企 业
2、家人力资本对企业的生存和发展起着决定作用。因此，有人提出企业家的人 力资本及其供给是企业成长的关键。另外，企业的持续成长与企业寿命的长短 不仅取决于某个优秀企业家在他的任期内充分发挥其人力资本，更取决于能否 在任期结束后能否及时培养出人力资本符合企业成长需求的下一任企业家，并 培养出整个企业持续成长的能力。 为了从理论上解释上述问题，本文通过一系列的定义和推理，建立起企业 持续成长问题的分析框架，并结合案例对有关论点进行了论证和补充。本文的 研究内容与主要创新体现在如下几个方面: 1.本文总结了企业家人力资本理论的研究成果以及我国企业的发展实践， 提出了企业家人力资本的作用主要体现在发现机会、
3、组建关系网络、经营创新、 管理组织、战略定位、学习与知识更新等方面。 2.本文通过分析企业生命周期中各阶段的特点以及企业成长的影响因素， 揭示了促进企业成长的关键因素，探讨了企业家人力资本及其供给作为企业成 长的原动力对企业成长各阶段关键因素的作用机制。并在此基础之上，推导企 业家人力资本与企业持续成长的关系，构建了企业持续成长的四阶段模型，得 出企业家人力资本与企业持续成长是供给与需求的关系。 3.本文通过理论研究提出企业家人力资本的供给应以一系列严密的制度保 证贯穿于企业家人力资本投资、企业家选拔、企业家在位的激励约束、企 业家退位和继位的每一个环节。而其中最关键的环节又在于前任企业家的及
4、时 II 退位和后任的及时接替，在这个过程中，能否保证企业家人力资本的供给满足 企业持续成长对企业家人力资本的需要是重中之重。 4.在理论分析的同时， 本文还结合案例对有关论点进行了论证和补充。 选取 江淮汽车(集团)公司和安凯集团公司为研究对象，通过比较，分析其成长阶段、 成长因素以及企业家人力资本与企业成长的相互关系和作用，并探讨了案例对 我国企业持续成长的启示。 总的来看，本文的研究遵循一个 “提出问题 理论研究 案例研究研 究结论”的思路。首先，通过对有关企业家人力资本、企业成长理论和实践的 分析，将研究问题界定为企业家人力资本与企业持续成长研究；其次，通过构 建一系列概念和模型，分析
5、了企业家人力资本作用的本质，建立起理论研究的 基础和铺垫；再次，系统提出企业持续成长的四阶段模型，并分析了企业家人 力资本对企业持续成长各阶段关键要素的作用机制。 最后， 选取江淮汽车(集团) 公司和安凯集团公司的企业成长案例，作为理论观点的论证和补充。 关键词关键词:企业家；人力资本；企业持续成长 III Abstract Under the conditions of market economy, the business enterprise is the principal microcosmic running part of social economy. It produces
6、 and creates the material wealth for human being, and it loads and spreads the spiritual civilization on the other hand. The business enterprise growth has already become the important foundation of economic prosperity, and the main headspring of national competitive advantage. For a long time, the
7、life and growth of business enterprise become the topic that be given extensive attention in scope of the world. The data show that about 62 percent business enterprises life in the United States not over 5 years,；In Japan and Europe, the average life of all business enterprises is 12.5 years;；in ou
8、r country, there are almost 1,000,000 business enterprises bankruptcy annually. However, there are many enterprises that over 100 years still full of competence, .In correspondence, there always come forth many excellent Entrepreneur along with the growth of the enterprises. Modern economic theory f
9、igure that Capital can be devided into two kinds: material Capital and human Capital . The enterprise need true prosecution and decision-making to survive and develop, while the prosecution and decision-making is just the exercise of Entrepreneurial Human Capital. In this aspect, Entrepreneurial Hum
10、an Capital plays an important role in the survive and development of enterprise. So some one suggest that the key point of business enterprise growth is the Entrepreneurial Human Capital and its supply. Besides, the continuous growth and the longevity of enterprises are not only determined by the ex
11、ertion of Entrepreneurial Human Capital when the entrepreneur is incumbency, but also by whether he can foster the next entrepreneur who can satisfy the need of the enterprise while he laying down the scepter and foster the abilities for the enterprises to growing persistently. In order to explain a
12、bove questions in theories, this paper set up an analytical IV frame of continuous business enterprise growth a series of definition and reasoning, and demonstrated the viewpoints through case study. The research contents and main innovations of this thesis as follows: 1. According to the existing s
13、tudy findings of the Entrepreneurial Human Capital, and the development practice of business enterprise, this paper put forward that the function of Entrepreneurial Human Capital mainly includes the following aspects: finding opportunities, organizing relationship net, prosecution and innovation, ma
14、naging and organizing, stratagem and going to orientation, studying and knowledge replacing. 2. By analyzing the traits of every phase in enterprise life cycle and the factors that affect on the enterprise growth, this paper revealed the key factors that lead to enterprise growth and discussed the m
15、echanism in which the entrepreneurship acted on the key factors of every phase in enterprise growth as the motive power of Entrepreneurial Human Capital. Based on this, this paper conducted the relationship between the Entrepreneurial Human Capital and continuous business enterprise growth, and forc
16、es the pour steps model of continuous business enterprise growth. Then get the conclusion that the relationship between The entrepreneurial human capital and continuous business enterprise growth is supply and demand. 3.This paper put forward the the Supply of Human Capital is a series of system which impenetrate all the tache in the investing of the Supply of Human Capital, the select of entrepreneur, the inspiriting while the entrepreneur is incumbency, his retire and inherit. And the
