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1、Grammar Features,客观性（Objective）、准确性（accuracy）和精练 (conciseness)。,(1) 广泛使用被动语态,(2) 广泛使用非谓语形式,(3) 省略句使用频繁,(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁,(5) 复杂长句使用频繁,(6) 后置形容词短语作定语多,（语法特点）,(1) 广泛使用被动语态,Grammar Features,主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程，在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；,中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。,(客观性),1) Electric
2、ity can be measured in amount and quality.,电可以用数量和质量来度量。,2)Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上,语法特点,Grammar Features,3) Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.,电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的,4) The meters are calibrated and the scale is design
3、ed to read the value of the desired unit.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程 ，以便读出期望的数值。,语法特点,Grammar Features,(2)广泛使用非谓语形式,非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。, 动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.,2) An object becomes hot. It is placed in the sun.,Once being
4、placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before being amplified.,放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波,(精炼),语法特点,Grammar Features,3) We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before designing a new electronic product we must do various experimen
5、ts.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验,语法特点,Grammar Features,用动名词短语做主语,1) Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法,2) Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动,语法特点,Grammar Features, 分词,过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态
6、,1）The power supply, which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1, is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,语法特点,Grammar Features,2) A three-phase circuit, as it was pointed out above, is merel
7、y a combination of three single-phase circuits.,A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。,3) The transistor, which is working with correctly polarities, can work as an amplifier.,The transistor working with corr
8、ectly polarities can work as an amplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。,语法特点,Grammar Features, 不定式,用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句,(1) The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger
9、 to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,(2) What does a fuse do? It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,语法特点,Grammar Features,(3) 省略句使用频繁,省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。,1) If it i
10、s possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2) As illustrated in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1, there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,
11、就像图1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,(精炼),语法特点,Grammar Features,3) The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.,这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。,As al
12、ready discussed 前已讨论As explained before 前已解释As described above 如上所示If possible (necessary)如果可能（必要）,其他常用的省略形式：,If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed (necessary, feasible)必要时Where feasible 在实际可行的场合Where possible 在可能的情况下,语法特点,Grammar Features,(4) It句型和祈使句使用频繁,It句型：it 充当形式主语，避免句子“头重脚轻”,It is
13、 very important (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) to,It takes very much time learning,It is clear (possible, necessary, natural, inevitable) that,It happened that ,It must be admitted that,祈使句: 无主语，精炼。,Let A be equal to B.设A等于B。,Consider a high-pressure chamber. 假如有一个高气压气候室。,（准确、精炼）,语法特点,Gr
14、ammar Features,(5) 复杂长句使用频繁,1) It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal, that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.,前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地通过金属，电子的移动在金属中形成了电流，电子在热传导中起着
15、重要的作用。,（准确、精炼）,为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句,语法特点,Grammar Features,2) The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles for which the stator is wound.,磁阻电动机以某一速率同步动转，该速率是由电源频率和定子绕制的级数决定的。,3) The testing of a cross-field generator wil
16、l be described in this section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the makers works.,交磁发电机的试验将在本节中叙述，它主要涉及每台电机在离开制造厂前应进行的试验。,语法特点,Grammar Features,(6) 后置形容词短语作定语多,代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。,1) All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, which are analogous to those of waves moving through water.,All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water.,2) The instruments present include some digital ones which are relative to DSPs,
