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1、Grammar,noun clauses 名词性从句,subjective clause 主语从句,objective clause 宾语从句,predicative clause 表语从句,appositive clause 同位语从句,句子划红线的部分在句中作名词的同位语从句，对名词 进一步解释，说明名词的 具体内容。 你能找出它们所解释 的名词吗？,观察下列句子划红线的部分。,1. The news that we won the game is exciting. 2. I have no idea when he will come back home. 3. Word came t
2、o him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 4. They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.,The news,idea,Word,the question,Discovering useful structures,Answer key for exercise 1 on page 37:,The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting. Some people have the
3、 idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.,Suggest answers to exercise 2 on page 37:,The possibility that the weather in winte
4、r would be warmer pleased the Canadians. The idea that there will be and earthquake terrifies many people. The hope that we could go to France was exciting. The fact that more and more people settle down in Canada surprises me. The belief that the world is flat is not scientific.,同位语从句,1. 概念: 在复合句中作
5、名词的同位语的名词性从句。 2. 功能: 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。,3.连词 that/whether/ who/ which what/when/where/why/how,主语从句的句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,whether,特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,同位语从句的连词使用,The idea is good. 2.The idea that you will marry me is good.,主语,谓语,表语,（简单句）,主语,表语,同位语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,谓语,从句宾语,主句,1. Two thirds of all gi
6、rls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2. The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,We heard the news last night that
7、the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,3. Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,4. Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,There is no scientific proof for the idea that ti
8、me travel is possible.,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,同位语从句,1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等的后面，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。
9、如: The news that his heath is failing made us sad. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.,同位语从句的引导词常用that, wh-, how等。,e.g.,I have no idea,when he will be back.,how he can get the treasure.,where the concert will be hold.,who can finish the work.,why it happened.,which pen is mine.,wh
10、at we should do next.,whom they are talking about.,whether itll rain tomorrow.,that our football team won the game.,2. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子结构显得平衡。如： He got the news from Mary that the meeting was put off. Word came that Hussein had been captured.,注意:,3. 同位语从句通常由that引导，但that不在从句中充当成
11、分，也不能省略；同位语从句也可以由whether, when, where, how等引导。如： They raised the question where we should go.,that,只连接主句和从 句,在从句中不充 当成分,代替先行词, 在从句中充当成分,形容词性,名词性,4. 引导同位语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether而不用if。 5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 从词类上区别：同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion等；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，也可以是整个句子。,He told me
12、 the news that he would come home from aboard soon.,Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。 Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了, 这让我们很高兴。,(同位语从句),(定语从句),从性质上区别：同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明；定语从句的作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词、代词或句子。,The news that our team has won the gam
13、e is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什 么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。 (定语从句, news在从句中作told的宾语),从引导词及其在句中的成分上区别:有些引导词如how, whether等可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。定语从句的引导词均在从句中充当特定的句子成分。如: I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother. (that引导同位语从句，对fact进行说明,
14、that不充当句子成分。) I wont believe the fact (that) he told me. (that引导定语从句, 对fact进行限定，that在从句中充当宾语。),引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语 (指物时还可以用which代替)，并且作宾语时常常省略，that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。如:,The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去
15、帮别的几个小组的 命令昨天收到了。 (同位语从句, 是对order的具体解释 that虽不作成分, 但不能省略),The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个 人去帮助别的几个小组。 (定语从句, 是名词order的修饰语, that 在从句中作received的宾语, 可以省略),同位语从句的表现形式: 由that引导 The fact that you dont have enough time to
16、do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.,The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists., 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由when引导 I have n
