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1、杭州电子科技大学 硕士学位论文 基于DSP的内反馈串级调速系统 姓名：范毅 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：电路与系统 指导教师：张海峰 20100301 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 电动机系统是一个面大量广的应用产业，在我国工业生产中有相当一部分是风机、水泵 等传动系统，这类负载约占工业电力传动总量的一半，这类负载大都是依赖挡板或阀门来调 节流量，损耗掉大量电功率。造成这种状况的主要原因是：许多风机和水泵处于恒速、24 小 时连续运转状态，这些设备都是根据运行中可能出现的最大负荷条件选择的，而实际工作时 所需的功率值往往比设计值小很多，又因为风机、水泵类传动系统的传统调速方法是通过调
2、 节入口或出口挡板（或阀门）的开度来调节风量、给水量，其输入功率大，能量消耗严重。 论文首先以串级调速的发展与现状为研究背景，比较变频调速和串级调速的优缺点，分 析了三种串级调速系统，针对传统串级调速功率因数低的缺点，结合斩波内反馈串级调速的 特点设计了基于 DSP 的斩波内反馈串级调速系统，并说明了本课题的研究意义和主要完成的 工作。 论文接着介绍斩波内反馈串级调速的原理，分析如何减少串级调速装置从电网吸收无功 功率，提高系统的功率因数，逆变器的逆变角固定在最小逆变角的原因，通过 DSP 控制斩波 器的占空比来改变电机转子回路的附加电势，从而达到调速的目的；具体介绍了斩波器件选 型的原则以及
3、 IGBT 的结构和原理；详细介绍了工程中容易出现的逆变颠覆现象以及如何防 止逆变颠覆的措施；具体推导了斩波元件的参数计算。 硬件设计中 DSP 芯片 TMS320F2812，使采集到的模拟信号更加精确，提高了系统运算 的准确度。详细介绍了硬件各个模块的电路设计思路，以及元件的参数；软件设计采用双闭 环控制，该系统创新地采用 DSP 与 PLC 相结合的控制策略，减小了 DSP 的运算量，同时由 于 PLC 在工业控制中较好的抗干扰能力，使得该系统运行起来更安全、可靠。由于电机与串 级调速系统在实际应用中距离较远，一般传输线容易受到干扰，而采用光纤传输能很好地解 决传输中外界的干扰，所以设计采
4、用光纤发送模块 HFBR- 1414 和光纤接收模块 HFBR- 2412。 实践证明，该斩波式内反馈串级调速系统控制效果优越，节能效果显著，抗干扰能力较好， 是一种很有发展潜力的调速技术。 关键词关键词：电机系统节能，串级调速，DSP，PLC，光纤传输 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT Motor system is an application field which is large- scale and has enormous demand. Quite a few motor systems applied in industry in our nation a
5、re fans, pumps and other transmission systems, and such kind of loads accounts for nearly half of the total quantity of industrial electrical transmission systems. A lot of electrical power loss is caused by these loads whose flow regulation devices depend on plates or valves. The main reason for su
6、ch a condition is as follows: A lot of fans and pumps, which are selected according to the limit loads they might encounter, runs for 24 hours a day at a constant speed, however, the actual power required during the general running state is often much less than the power rating. Furthermore, the tra
7、ditional speed regulation of the fans and pumps, which controls the airflow and water flow, is based on the opening adjustment of the plates(or valves) at the input or the output. Thus too much power input causes serious power loss. The background of the development and current condition of cascade
8、speed regulation is introduced at the beginning of the thesis. Advantages and disadvantages comparison of the variable frequency speed regulation with that of the cascade speed regulation are presented as well as analysis of three kinds of cascade speed regulation systems. According to the character
9、istics of the chopper inner feedback cascade speed regulation, a DSP- based chopper inner feedback cascade speed regulation system is designed with compensation for the low power factor defect of the traditional cascade speed regulation. The significance and primary work of this subject are presente
10、d as well. Then the principle of chopper inner feedback cascade speed regulation is introduced. To reduce reactive power that a cascade speed regulation device absorbs from the power grid and raise system power factor, the phase angle of the inverter should be kept to a minimum based on analysis, th
11、e duty cycle of the chopper is controlled by DSP to adjust the additional electric potential in the motor rotor circuit for speed regulation; the selection principle of the chopper components and the structure and principle of IGBT are elaborated upon; inverter failure that is often encountered in e
12、ngineering and solutions are introduced in detail; the calculation of parameters of chopper components is deduced in detail. DSP TMS320F2812 is applied in hardware design, the calculation is more accurate with more precise data acquired from analog signals. The design of all hardware modules are ela
13、borated upon as well as parameters of the components; double- close- loop is applied in software design. The combination of DSP and PLC is creatively adopted in the control strategy, which helps to decrease the calculation of DSP and has the advantage of good anti- interference performance of PLC, t
14、hus the system is more safe and reliable. Ordinary wires are prone to interference due to the long 杭州电子科技大学硕士学位论文 III distance between motors and cascade speed regulation systems in practice, however, optic- fiber transmission can avoid this situation, so an optic- fiber transceiver HFBR- 1414 and a
15、n optic- fiber receiver HFBR- 2412 are applied in the design. Tests shows that the chopper inner feedback cascade speed regulation system is a great potential technique with excellent control performance, prominent power- saving effect and a better anti- inference ability. Keywords： motor system pow
16、er saving，cascade speed regulation，DSP，PLC， optic- fiber transmissio 杭州电子科技大学杭州电子科技大学 学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明学位论文原创性声明和使用授权说明 原创性声明原创性声明 本人郑重声明： 所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得 的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过 的作品或成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。 申请学位论文与资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。 论文作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文使用授权说明学位论文使用授权说明 本人完全了解杭州电子科技大学关于保留和使用学位论文的规定，即：研究生在校攻读 学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属杭州电子科技大学。本人保证毕业离校后，发表论文或 使用论文工作成果时署名单位仍然为杭州电子科技大学。学校有权保留送交论文的复印件， 允许查阅和借阅论文；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以允许采用影印、缩印或其 它复制手段保存论
