第二章 两句的连接方法第一节 两句的连接方法1. 两句的连接方法有 6 种方式：破折号、冒号、分号、并列连接词、副 词连接词、关系 词He is versatile—he speaks five different languages and plays the piano very well.He has finally made his goal known to us: he wants to be a scientist.He is nice; quite often he is seen helping others.He enjoys taking pictures, and he has decided to pursue the art as his life career.He deserves our respect because he is honest.He is a man who never tells lies.2. 破折号1) 破折号连接句子时，用来强调第一个句子，以补充意思的不足，有“也就是说”或“换句话说”的意思；2) 也可以连接同位语；He finally made his purpose known to us—to chase Susan.His hobby—taking pictures—is far more interesting than mine.3. 冒号连接句子，来强调前句中的名 词4. 分号等于"逗号 +连接词（and/so/but）He is nice; no one likes him, though.第二节 并列连接词1. 单一连接词有三个：and/or/but；可连接对等的单词、短 语、句子，故称为并列连接词He and I enjoy singing.Is he sad or happy?He is not good at English but poor at it.He doesn't study, but his teacher likes him.2. and/or/but 衍生出来的其它连接词and -> both... and...or -> either... or...（要不就是……要不就是……） / neither... nor...（既非……也非……）but -> not... but...（并非……而是……）/ not only... but also...（不仅……而且……）上述连接词也可以连接对等的单词、短 语、句子；He is not kind but cruel.He succeeded both because of his intelligence and because of his hard work.Not only can she sing, but she can [also] dance.注意：1) 连接主语时，"both... and..."之后始终接复数动词；其它连接词连接主语时，动词则要随最近的主语做单复数变化；Both he and I are happy about it.Either he or I am wrong.Not he but I am to be responsible for it.Not only they but [also] John has passed the exam.2) both... and... / neither... nor... / not... but... 这三组连接词通常不用来连接句子，而 not only... but also... 则可用来连接句子，要注意的是 not only 引导的句子要采用倒装结构；He is good at both English and math. [Wrong: Both he is good at English, and he is good at math.] You should either listen to me or get out of my sight.Not he but you are wrong.Not only can she sing, but she can also dance.3) not only 倒装情况有以下三种：a) be 动词与主语的倒装：Not only is he clever, but he is polite.b) 助动词与主语的倒装：Not only can she sing, but she can [also] dance.c) 一般 动词（ do/does/did + 主语 + 动词原型）Not only does she sing well, but she dances beautifully.Not only do I hate him, but I feel like killing him.Not only did he write good poems, but he could compose music.4) not only... but also... 中的 also 通常省略。
若不省略，则连接短语时，but also 不能分开，而连接句子时，but also 必须分开：She is not only beautiful but [also] kind.She is interested not only in music but [also] in art.Not only can she dance, but she can [also] sing.5) not only... but also... = not only... but... as well = not merely... but also... = not just... but also...She is not only beautiful but kind as well.Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.He enjoys not only/just/merely dancing but singing as well.3. as well as （以及…）和 rather than （而非…）作为并列 连接词，可连接对等的单词、短语、句子We as well as John like it. / He is happy rather than sad.He is interested in music rather than in painting.He failed because he was lazy rather than because he was not intelligent.注意：as well as 或 rather than 连接主语时，该句动词始终要随第一个主语做变化；He as well as I is interested in music.= He no less than I is interested in music.= He together with me is interested in music.= He along with me is interested in music.由于 as well as 与 no less than 均为并列连词，所以后面的主语 I 为主格；而后两句则为介词，故之后接宾格 me，作 with 的宾语；He rather than I is interested in music.= He instead of me is interested in music.= He, not I, is interested in music.解释同上，另外，not 在这里可视为并列连接词，等于 rather than；在这种情况下，not 前面一定要加逗号。
第三节 副词连接词1. 副词连接词只能连接从句；常用的副词连接词：because/though/if/unless/as soon as/once 等；2. 副词连接词引导状语从句：1) 副词连接词放在任何一个从句前，该从句就成为状语从句；2) 状语从句决不能单独存在，一定要与主句共存；3) 整个状语从句可视为副词 ，修饰主句；I like him because he is nice.4) 状语从句的位置：a) 从句在主 语后时，两句之间通常不用逗号；b) 从句在主句之前，两句之间通常用逗号分隔；Thought he did poorly on the test, his father didn't scold him.His father didn't scold him though he did poorly on the test.As soon as he heard the news, he cried.He cried as soon as he heard the news.3. 避免双重连接，如 because... so... Though (although, even if, even though) ... but... 在一个句子中，仅出现一处即可 4. 条件句与主句的时态：when/if/once/as soon as/once/unless 等副词连接词所引导的从句，也可表示一种条件，形成所谓的条件句。
若用来表示未来的状况时，条件句 应为一般现在时（或现在完成 时），而主句的 时态用一般将来时如：When I am rich, I will buy a car.If he has time, he'll come here.Once I am free, I will take a trip abroad.It will be another two years before he graduates.How long will it be before he comes?5. while 作副词连接词及并列 连接词的用法：1) 表“当 ……”时，while 为副词连接词，引导状语从句；While I was writing a letter, she was doing the dishes.2) 表“而 ……”时，while 为并列连接词，连接并列句；He is nice, while/whereas his brother is bad.While he is nice, his brother is bad.6. 其它重要的副词连接词1) as有三个意思：i. 当（等于 when） As I was young, I was quite happy.ii. 虽然（等于 though）Though he is rich, he isn't happy.= Rich as he is, he isn't happy.= As rich as he is, he isn't happy. （句首的 as 视为虚词，句中的则为连接词）iii. 因为（等于 because）As/Because he has apologized to me, I'm going to forgive him.2) where = in the place where = in the place in whichWhere I live, people are very nice.= In the place where I live, people are very nice.Where there is a will, there is a way.= In the place where there is a will, there is a way.3) once = as soon 。