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1、巨型油轮 VLCC 操作与管理 1 第一章：港口介绍第一章：港口介绍 一、一、装货港：装货港： 1.拉斯塔努拉拉斯塔努拉 - 沙特阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯（Juaymah SBM and Sea Island Terminal, Ras Tanura-Saudi Arabia） 。 使用的海图：BA. Charts No. 2886, 3788, 3776, (3777 and 3812 for Sea Island Terminal) 预抵通知：至少提前 72 小时通知港口代理 STANDARD MESSAGE No. 1 b. Aramco inspector boarded; c. Aramco
2、 inspector disembarked; d. Ship released and e. Sailed. 出口报告点：船舶在离开浮筒后，让清其它浮筒船舶，引航员就离船。船长自引 驶离出口航道。在通过 J1/J2浮和 EXIT BUOY 浮时分别报告 RAS TANURA PORT CONTROL ON VHF Ch.10 (参见 BA. Chart No. 3788)。 海岛码头（SEA ISLAND TERMINAL 参见 BA. Chart No. 3812 ）：该码头是海上 泊位，与陆地不相连。码头走向 357-177 度。里、外挡（西面和东面）共有 8 个 泊位，里档分别是： #
3、14，#16，#18 和#19，海图水深为 26 米。外挡分别是： #12，#15，#17 和#20，海图水深为 22-25.5 米。 （目前#12/#14 里外挡一组已永久 拆除） 。输油臂为 16 英寸。一般是里档右舷靠泊，外挡左舷靠泊。系缆前后各 8 根（前后即 2/4/2） 。倒缆和横缆必须是钢丝缆，也就是说，船舶必须配备 12 根钢 丝缆。泊位东面是内锚地，空载 VLCC 可锚泊等靠，满载不可使用（水深不足） 。 巨型油轮 VLCC 操作与管理 16 引航站虽在 H 浮附近，但港口控制台通常要求船舶驶到海岛码头南端正东 1.5 海 里处上引水。 装货过程中，必须始终保持所有系缆在系紧
4、状态，需安排额外人员 参加值班调整缆绳。满载水尺在 19.48 米及以下的船舶，可不必侯潮离泊，吃水 超过 19.48 米，所需潮高为：实际水尺 19.48 = 所需潮高。 （例如：20.35 米 19.48 米 = 0.87 米） 。目前 VLCC 完货后在泊位侯潮，取消过去在码头北边的 DEEP DRAFT ANCHORAGE 侯潮。如果船舶完货后不能被发货人“SAUDI ARAMCO” 放货 (船岸数量差别较大)，要驶往 Juaymah 引水站附近锚泊，等待 发货人派检验人员上船重新检验/计量。 海岛码头进/出港航道（参见 BA. Charts No. 3812, 3776, 3777,
5、 3778）：海岛码头进 /出港航道(FROM ENTRY BUOY TO BUOY H - PLT/STN)长度为 30 海里，进港需 3 小时、出港需 4 小时的航行时间。进港航行难度不大。出港需特别谨慎小心航行， 出港航道最小水深为 21.5 米，航道最窄的两对浮筒之间距离仅 1.5 链（278 米） ， 而且船舶龙骨下富余水深很小（2 米） 。满载离港在进入出港航道之前，必须在距 H 浮 0.8-1.0 海里领正船舶航向 006-010 度。引水员在领正船舶后就离船（船长决 不可因照料引航员离船而忽略操船） 。船长自引出港，出港时一般处于涨潮期间， 流向东南-顶流，流压角不大，但仍需预
6、配 4-5 度的正流压差，船首向需偏向中央 浮筒一侧，但同时还要考虑风向的不同。转向之前，一定要靠近要转向一侧的浮 筒，防止因 VLCC 转向外移/甩尾幅度很大而尾部刮碰浮筒。操作要点：1）对称 浮筒，在浮筒平驾驶台时便可用舵转向；2）不对称浮筒，转向侧浮筒平船首时便 可用舵转向；反转向侧浮筒平驾驶台时便可用舵转向。 （关于进/出口报告点，请 参考该港的注意事项） 。 巨型油轮 VLCC 操作与管理 17 船长抗议书：船长应按航次指示准备下列抗议书(举例)： Messrs: SAUDI ARAMCO Vessel Name: C/O GAC RAS TANURA Voyage no: _ _
7、Date: and Port: RAS TANURA to whom it may concern Order No._ MASTER PROTEST UPON EXECUTION OF BILL OF LADING (For Cargo: ) I hereby notify you that BILL OF LADING dated shows a cargo quantity which is said to be:- GROSS: BBLS L/T M/T API: NET: BBLS L/T M/T API: as per figures furnished by Messrs SAU
8、DI ARAMCO. According to ships measurements taken on completion of loading, cargo quantity actually shipped on my Vessel results to be: GROSS: BBLS L/T_ M/T, with an evident difference between above figures of BBLS L/T M/T. On behalf of the Owners and/or Charteres and/or whomsoever entitled, I do lod
9、ge protest for above mentioned figures and decline all responsibility for any consequence which may arise therefrom. Yours faithfully. THE MASTER: _ MT. COSGREAT LAKE 巨型油轮 VLCC 操作与管理 18 For Receipt: _ M/T: COSGREAT LAKE PORT: RAS TANURA BERTH: DATE: CARGO: TO: SAUDI ARAMCO LETTER OF PROTEST FREE WAT
10、ER IN CARGO Dear Sirs, On completion of loading at at your terminal, free water was found in the following tanks with quantities: Arabian extra light crude: _ Arabian light crude: _ TOTAL FREE WATER: _ BBLS As the tanks were inspected prior loading, and were found to contain FREE of water, the remai
11、ning water could only have come with the cargo. At the time of gauging, enough time had not elapsed for water to settle down and this quantity may increase during the voyage. I, on behalf of the owners and charterers, hereby note protest in respect of the above free-water and hold the terminal respo
12、nsible for any damages, direct or consequential, arising from the above. Further on behalf of the owners and charterers I reserve their right to extend this protest at a later date. Kindly acknowledge this by signing below and returning a copy to the vessel. _ Master Received at _ hrs on _ _ Termina
13、l Representative 巨型油轮 VLCC 操作与管理 19 M.T. “ COSGREAT LAKE“ To: SAUDI ARAMCO Port: RAS TANURA Berth: Date: Voy. No.: MASTERS PROTEST Dear Sir, This is to inform you that I must hold your terminal responsible for the following FACT(s) and all consequences arising there-of: Cargo Discrepancy: Product(s)
14、_ B/L in BBLS _ Ships in BBLS _ Difference in BBLS _ Product(s)_ B/L in BBLS _ Ships in BBLS _ Difference in BBLS _ Non-compliance with required Maximum Normal Loading Rate which for our vessel should be bbls/hour (for Arabian Extra Light) and bbls/hour (for Arabian Light) and your loading rate was actually _bbls/hour (for Arabian Extra Light) and _
