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1、中南民族大学 硕士学位论文 土家族跳丧歌舞的生存现状与问题探究以石桥坪村跳丧歌 舞为例 姓名:李艳 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:中国少数民族语言文学 指导教师:向柏松 20090520 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 跳丧歌舞是土家人祭祀亡灵、 安慰生者的一种丧事仪典, 也是土家族传统文 化得以保存和传承的一种特殊方式, 它是把原始的巫术观念、 祭祀仪式及歌、 舞、 乐三者有机结合起来的独特艺术形式。专家学者们从文学、人类学、哲学等多种 角度对跳丧歌舞的舞蹈动作、歌词、仪式、源流、特点、内涵及功能等方面进行 了探讨和研究, 但是从现状和问题入手的研究相对较少。 本人在前人研究的基础 上,
2、结合跳丧歌舞的实地调查材料, 分析探讨跳丧歌舞的生存现状和存在的问题, 运用功能主义理论分析跳丧歌舞传承至今的原因, 并对跳丧歌舞的抢救与保护提 出自己的建议。 本文的研究材料主要来自于田野调查。 田野调查中主要采用观察、 参与观察、 个人访谈等方法, 了解当地人对跳丧歌舞的认知, 从而对跳丧歌舞的生存现状与 现存的问题加以分析和研究。 本文在绪论中概括和总结了国内外相关的研究成果, 在此基础上提出了选题 缘由、研究意义、主要研究内容及方法。然后从四个方面对跳丧歌舞的生存现状 和存在的问题加以分析论述。 第一部分: 土家族跳丧歌舞的概述。 简要地从跳丧歌舞的源流、 特征和分类、 内容与程序及禁
3、忌四方面对其加以描述。 第二部分: 石桥坪村跳丧歌舞的现状调查及演变分析。 通过对石桥坪村跳丧 歌舞生存现状及现存问题的实地调查,分析跳丧歌舞的传承、唱词、舞蹈套路以 及保护现状、演变情况。 第三部分: 跳丧歌舞在土家族地区稳定传承的价值与功能。 跳丧歌舞能传承 至今有其内在的价值及特殊的功能, 价值主要表现为艺术与观念价值、 民俗学与 史料价值、美学与哲学价值,其功能主要表现在传扬孝文化、娱乐与宣泄情感、 传承民间文艺和民族习俗以及强化民族凝聚力等方面。 第四部分: 跳丧歌舞抢救与保护措施探析及建议。 在分析跳丧歌舞濒危性原 因的基础上,探讨了跳丧歌舞抢救与保护的问题,并提出了相关建议。 最
4、后部分指出: 跳丧歌舞自身所具有的价值与功能是跳丧歌舞传承至今的原 因, 跳丧歌舞传承的关键是传承人的保护, 我们要正确看待并保护跳丧歌舞这一 非物质文化遗产。 关键词:跳丧歌舞 生存现状 现存问题 土家族跳丧歌舞的生存现状与问题探究以石桥坪村跳丧歌舞为例 II Abstract Funeral Song and Dance (FSD) is a kind of obsequial rites, at which the Tujia people offer sacrifices to the dead and console the living. It is also a special
5、method of reserving and handing down the traditional culture of the Tujia Nationality. Being a unique form of art, Funeral Song and Dance symbolizes itself as an organic combination of primitive witchcraft ideology, sacrifice-offering rites and the arts of songs, dances and music. In terms of litera
6、ture, anthropology and philosophy, Funeral Song and Dance, together with its dance movements, song words, rites, sources, properties, connotations and functions, has been explored and studied. However, there are relatively fewer researches on its status quo and problems. In the present paper, on the
7、 basis of the previous researches and the materials from the fieldwork, FSDs status quo of subsistence and the extant problems are analyzed and explored. The reason that FSD is passed down from generation to generation is expatiated by means of functionalism. In addition, the author gives her own te
8、ntative suggestions on how to save and protect this form of art. The research materials of the paper are collected through fieldwork, during which the understanding of FSD by the local people is investigated through observation, participant observation and interview, resulting in the analysis and re
9、search on FSDs status quo of subsistence and the extant problems. In Introduction, research findings and results both at home and abroad are generalized and summarized, on which the reasons for selecting the topic are given and the significance, contents and methods of the research are introduced. T
10、he analyses on FSDs status quo of subsistence and the extant problems appear in the following four sections: Section One: Generalization of Funeral Song and Dance of the Tujia Nationality. Funeral Song and Dance is described in four respects, that is, sources, characteristics and categorization, con
11、tents and procedures, and taboos. Section Two: Survey on the Status Quo and Analysis on the Change of FSD at Shiqiaoping Village. Through the survey, the author clarifies the FSDs inheritance, song words and dance routines. Besides, the author analyses to what degree it is protected nowadays and how
12、 it changes. Section Three: Values and Functions of FSDs stable inheritance in the Tujia Areas. That FSD has been transmitted from generation to generation has invested FSD with 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III internal values and special functions. Its values represent themselves in terms of art and view, of folkl
13、ore and historical data as well as of aesthetics and philosophy. As for its main functions, FSD can spread the culture of filial piety, entertain the people and exercise as an outlet for emotions. Apart from these, FSD can also transmit the folk arts and customs, and strengthen the nations cohesion.
14、 Section Four: Explorations and suggestions on how to save and protect FSD. In this section, not merely are the reasons that FSD is in imminent danger given, but also the suggestions on how to save and protect FSD are proposed, based on the relevant analyses. The final section points out that it is
15、FSDs internal values and functions that make it passed down from generation to generation. Prior attention should be given to the people who are engaged in the maintenance of the FSDs inheritance. Funeral Song and Dance, as an intangible culture heritage, should be regarded and protected in an appro
16、priate manner. Key Words: Funeral Song and Dance (FSD);status quo of subsistence; extant problems 中南民族大学中南民族大学 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所 取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任 何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡 献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的 法律后果由本人承担。 作者签名: 日期: 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意 学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文 被查阅和借阅。本人授权中南民族大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内 容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存 和汇编本学位论文。 本学位论文属于 1、保密,在_年解密后适用本