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1、汉译英：1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。Xu Xiake toured and investigated/inspect/observe 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of Ch
2、ina/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief(blindself-confidence blindherjudgment.) in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic di:rfk records taken by his predecessors. pri:dses(r) In order to mak
3、e his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangero
4、us roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. 2可是我却哭了。哭那陌生的、但却疼爱我的卖灶糖(candy)的老汉。后来我常想，他为什么疼爱我呢？无非我是个贪吃的、因为丑陋而又少人疼爱的吧。等我长大以后，总感到除了母亲，再没有谁能够像他那样朴素地疼爱过我没有任何希求，也没有任何企望的。我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那个像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是，它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。 But I cried for the str
5、ange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me. Later on, I wondered why. For no other reason than that I was a foolish little thing who loved candy, with few to love me because of my plain face. When I glow up, I could never forget that apart from my own mother, no one had loved me so fondly and
6、 so disinterestedly, with no expectations whatever. I often think of him now, and have tried to find that tobacco pouch that had looked like a piece of pork liver. But I dont know what became of it.3 多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的
7、清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。 For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four. Instead of going out for a jog or walk, Ill set about my work as soon as Im out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that Ive got the feel of predawn Beijing.
8、Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tiananmen Square at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I havent seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.4长沙是一个有3000多年历史的美丽古城。城市的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院“岳麓书院”等众多古迹。市区中心的古城楼天心阁，距今有10
9、00多年的历史。千百年来水质清纯，终年不断的白沙古井也坐落在长沙城中。今天的长沙市民还常常在这里打水饮用。湘江中的橘子洲头，是当年毛泽东先生经常漫步思考的地方，后来还写了一首非常著名的诗来赞美她。Changsha is a beautiful ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years. West of the city is the beautiful Yuelu Hill, at the foot of the hill, are many historic sites such as Yuelu Academy. In the cent
10、er of the city is the ancient city gate tower -Tianxin Tower, which was first built 1000 years ago. Also located in the city is the ancient Baisha Well, from which clear and pure water has been gushing out nonstop throughout the year for thousands of years. Inhabitants in Changsha today still come h
11、ere to fetch water for drinking. Orange Island in the Xiang River was where Mr. Mao Zedong often rambled and meditated. Later he wrote a very famous poem in its praise.5洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳阳楼，是中国三大名楼中唯一保持原址原貌的国家重点保护文物。岳阳楼所处的位置极好，它屹立于岳阳古城之上，背靠岳阳城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遥对君山岛，北依长江，南通湘江。自古以来，就是人们观光旅游的好地方。Lake Dongting i
12、s Chinas second largest freshwater lake. Yueyang Tower, which is located on its shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of Chinas famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site. The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yue
13、yangs ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to the distant Junshan Isle; to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River. Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring. (Picture)6正当这位美军飞虎队员一筹莫展眼看只能坐以待毙时，两名中国男孩从杂草丛钻出
14、出现在他的面前，男孩一样个头，都才十二、三岁年纪。他如遇救星，立刻打手势让他们过来。两个男孩稍作迟疑，立即来到了他的身边。在他的指点下，男孩利索地帮他解开了降落伞，并一边一个迅速扶起他往前走。才走不到200米，已经看到了挂太阳旗的日军汽艇，两个男孩简短地商量了几句，就果断地把这名飞虎队员推到山坡边的一丛很深的杂草中，并扯来一大把芦苇将四周盖严后，箭似般消失在树林中。This American “Flying Tiger” was at a loss, thinking that he could do nothing but await his doom, when out of the ju
15、mble of rank grass emerged two Chinese boys, both of the same height and just a dozen years old.As if seeing his saviors, he signed to them to come nearer.The boys hesitated a little and came over to him. With his instructions, they dexterously unfastened his parachute, and helped him along with one
16、 of them on each side. But before they had walked 200 m, they saw Japanese motorboats come flying their sun flags. The boys talked a moment and then, without delay, hid the “Flying Tiger” in a thick growth of grass by the hillside, and putting around him more reeds they had quickly pulled out, they vanished swiftly into the wood.7家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里，自给自足
