《工程塑料聚酰胺尼龙资料（engineering plastic polyamide nylon material）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《工程塑料聚酰胺尼龙资料（engineering plastic polyamide nylon material）（10页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、工程塑料聚酰胺尼龙资料（Engineering plastic polyamide nylon material）Polyamide, commonly known as Nylon, is known as Polyamide (PA).polyamideIts called nylon. A class of thermoplastic resins containing amides (-conh -), including aliphatic polyamide, fatty - aromatic polyamide and aromatic polyamide, are found
2、in the repetitive structure unit of the main chain. Fatty polyamide variety, large yield, widely used, can be used as a fiber, also can be plastic. Polyamide fiber, also known as nylon, has a yield ratio of 9 to 1 for polyamide plastics. Fatty - aromatic polyamide varieties are small and yield is sm
3、all. Aromatic polyamide is often referred to as polyamide, mainly used as fiber. The latter is called aromatic polyamide fiber, commonly known as aramid.Polyamide is a flexible keratinous translucent or milky crystalline resin. It is often made into cylindrical pellets, and the polyamide molecular w
4、eight of plastic is generally 15, 000 20 thousand. The common characteristics of all kinds of polyamide is fire resistant, high tensile strength (104 kpa), wear resistance, good electrical insulation, heat resistance (thermal deformation under 455 kpa temperature above 150 ), the melting point of 15
5、0 250 , the molten resin high liquidity, relative density 1.05 1.15 (add packing can be increased to 1.6), non-toxic mostly. However, when the monomer content in the resin is too high, it is not suitable for long-term contact with skin or food, which is often stipulated in food hygiene. The disadvan
6、tage is that the moisture absorption is strong, the storage and transportation should avoid moisture, and the resin must be dried before processing, otherwise the products can produce bubbles or surface defects. In addition, in situations where light (heat) stability, dimension stability and impact
7、strength are needed, pure polyamide can not meet the requirements and is usually resolved by modification.History the first industrial production of polyamide variety the polyamide 66 (nylon 66), the United States dupont W.H. carothers announced in 1937 the first patent, polyamide (nylon) samples, w
8、as established in 1938, the pilot plant, industrial production unit in 1939 put into operation. At that time, polyamide was mainly used to produce fiber, rope and coating materials. During world war ii, the materials used in military applications were greatly developed, and films and plastics were p
9、roduced after the war. In 1941, polyamide 6 was put into production in Germany, then polyamide 610 was developed. Polyamide 11 was developed in France in 1950. In 1958, China tried successfully polyamide 1010, which was successfully produced by the Soviet union. 1966 a large-scale production of poly
10、amide 12 was made in the federal German Hess chemical company. In 1972, dupont realized the industrial production of aromatic polyamide. After 70 s, polyamide modified aroused peoples great interest, especially the development of petrochemical industry, the raw material of polyamide route to oil, co
11、sts decline year by year, production increased year by year, make the development of polyamide as a kind of variety, can adapt to a variety of utility of polymer materials.The name of the main variety polyamide cultivars, which are characterized by the number of carbon atoms contained in the cell ch
12、ain section of industry, can be divided into two types: p-type and mp. P-type polyamide is made from amino acid H2N (CH2) p-1cooh (or lactam). The structure of the unit link is: - HN (CH2) p-1co -, as polyamide 6. Polyamide 11 -hn (CH2) 10CO - n, etc.Their names 6 and 11 represent the number of carb
13、on atoms in the cell chain. Mp - type polyamide is made from the di-acid HOOC (CH2) m-2cooh and the diamine H2N (CH2) pNH2. The structure of the cell chain is: polyamide 66 (CH2), 4CONH (CH2), 6NH -, polyamide 1010 -oc (CH2) 8CONH (CH2) 10NH - n, etc. Their names, 66 and 1010, represent the number o
14、f carbon atoms in the cell chain stanzas. The main varieties of polyamide plastics (see table) of industrial production (see table) are polyamide 66, polyamide 6, polyamide 610, polyamide 1010, polyamide 11, polyamide 12 and coppolyamide etc. In addition to the additives added in polyamide, polyamid
15、e has different kinds of modified varieties, such as strengthening, wear-resisting, microcrystalline and anti-aging. According to the processing method, can be divided into injection molding, extrusion, molding, casting, sintering and other varieties; It can be divided into grain, film, powder and b
16、lank.The production method produces polyamide starting materials mainly from petroleum and a small amount from coal and plant materials. The monomers of nylon 66 monomers, hexanediamine and polyamide 6, are mainly derived from cyclohexane from benzene hydrogenation, and a few of them are from phenol. The monomers of nylon 610 and nylon 1010 are sebacic acid, as well as the mono-amino undecylic acid of nylon 11, which is prepared by the chemical product
