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1、英语中的性别歧视AbstractSexism in English language has launched along with the vigorous development of womens liberation movement since the end of 1960s. As a mirror reflecting the society, language images the social views and values. Sexism in society is thus inevitably reflected in the use of language. Th
2、e paper based on the analysis of sex discrimination in English explores that it is by no means an extinction of sexist language so long as the sexism in society exists. The causes of sexism in this thesis are the inequality between male and female. In ancient time, the thoughts that males host femal
3、es and the treatment of women as inferiors to men are in vogue. Men are always at superior positions to women in the social economy, in the politics, as well as in the peoples traditional ideas, so the idea of sex discrimination has reflected in the language. The thesis summarizes the phenomena of s
4、exism in English by using universal evidence, and they are shown and discussed in four aspects: English proverbs, English expressions, English vocabulary and the meanings of English words. Lastly, the thesis introduces two feasible strategies to erase sexism in English language, and they are: langua
5、ge reform and social reform. The most important one is to erase the sexist conceptions and improve womens status, respect and support them. The language transformation can be realistic on the basis of the social reform.Key WordsSexism; female words; masculine words; strategies摘要自20世纪60年代起，语言性别歧视已随着女
6、性解放运动的展开而得到蓬勃发展。语言是社会现实的一种反映，因此由于历史发展、文化、社会价值及男女两性之间在生理等方面的差异而引起的性别歧视，尤其是社会对女性的性别歧视一览无余的体现在语言上，英语语言中也存在性别歧视。本篇论文阐述了性别歧视产生的原因是男女地位的不平等，在人类早期，男尊女卑的思想盛行，男子在社会经济、政治、文化领域以及人们的传统观念中，总是处于比女性优越的地位,人们在观念上形成的对妇女特有的歧视观念慢慢形成并反映在语言中。本文分析了性别歧视在英语中的四个方面的表现：在谚语中；在词汇中；在词语中和在词义中，通过大量的举例和分类来系统阐述。最后着重讨论了消除性别歧视语所应采取的一些策
7、略，从语言策略和社会策略两方面入手，要消除性别歧视，关键在于根除社会上存在的性别歧视观念，进一步提高妇女的社会地位，语言的变革只能在社会变革的基础上才能实现。关键词性别歧视； 女性词； 男性词； 策略IntroductionLanguage is a social phenomenon, and it has a close relationship with the social life, the language is used in a specific social group and it is not only the carrier of the ideological con
8、tent, but a mirror of social life, it reveals peoples traditional thoughts that sex discrimination against women in the society. From the development and changes of the language, people can conclude that sex discrimination does not only exist in China, but in all the countries. Therefore, how does E
9、nglish language reflect the social phenomenon? The first person who did research on the gender and language is the Denmark linguist Otto.Jespersen, he regards English as the most masculine language that is familiar to him, and it is a man centered language. The domestic scholars and experts, Yang Yo
10、nglin, Bai Jiehong, and so on, have done thorough research about sexist element in the English language, they also have introduced some feasible strategies to erase the sexism, but they just have done thorough research from the language strategy aspect. In the thesis, the author does the research fr
11、om the combination of the social reforms and language reforms, and it is essential to erase the sexism from peoples minds. English, as one of the most widespread languages, its sexist element shall not be suitable to the intercultural communications, but there is massive discrimination in it, people
12、 should pay much more attention to the sex equality and the improvement of womens social positions. Understanding the sexist phenomenon in English language helps people study the language culture, and correctly treat the changes of the language in the historical development. The thesis emphatically
13、introduces and analyzes the specific phenomena of sexism and also provides corresponding strategies that can be used to eliminate sexism in English language. A Definition to Sexism in English LanguageSexism, in the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese dictionary, it means that disapproving actio
14、n based on the ideas or belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, and skillful, etc, than the members of the other sex, especially that women are less able than men and those particular jobs and actions are suitable for women and others are suitable for men. Sexism in English re
15、fers to English expresses sexist assumptions性别歧视的假设about differences between men and women as in the prejudicial use of female or male words Sexist language expresses unfair assumptions and differences, and it can be either explicit明确的, as in the prejudicial use of male or female pronouns, or implic
16、it不言明含蓄的. Using universal evidence, the thesis here reveals how often English expresses sexist assumptions about differences between men and women.Just as a proverb goes in England: “If you see an old man, sit down and take a lesson; if you see an old woman, throw a stone.” what expresses English version of the sexism prescribed for women, is particularly confining. English jokes and folklore民间传说are blatantly公然的sexist. (Nilsen Alleen Pace,
