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1、Lesson 2 Lexical Features of EST Lexical Features of EST & the Translation Frequent Use of 1) Terminology/Scientific Words 2) Nominalization Terminology Terminology 1) Proper nouns 2) The borrowing of daily words 3) New words and expressions based on modern English word-formation Proper Nouns hertz
2、赫兹 volt 伏特 hydroxide 氢氧化物 anode 阳极 annealing 退火 isotope 同位素 Alfonol 16 (一种铁铝合金,其中铝合金含量 为 16%) Unipizeo ( 美国制造的铁氧体软磁材料) The borrowing of daily words operation 操作 运算 (Computer Science) 手术 (Medicine) 作战 (Military) ceiling 天花板、顶板 绝对升限/最大飞行高度 (aeronautics航空 学) 云幕高度(meteorology气象学) 风值电压 (electricity电学) Th
3、e borrowing of daily words transmission 传递/传达 (daily usage) 发射/播送 (a term in radio engineering) 传动 (in mechanical engineering) 透射 (in physics) 遗传 (in medical science) The borrowing of daily words derivative 派生物 (daily usage) 衍生物 (in chemistry) 导数/微商 (in mathematics) 金融衍生工具 (in business activity) loo
4、p 环/圈 回路 (in radio engineering) 节育环 (medical science) 循环 (in metrology) concentration A) Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. B) The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. C) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of h
5、igh grade ores is possibility. Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the ions. 电极电位决定于离子浓度。(chemistry) B) The determination of trace concentrations of mercury in minerals is described. 文章论述矿物中痕量汞的测定。(measurement in physics ) C) A concentration process is important now that the depletio
6、n of high grade ores is possibility. 由于目前高品位的矿石可能用完,富集过程是重 要的。(metallurgy) English word-formation (1) Compounding or composition , the process by which two independent words are put together to make a new words. (2) Affixation (3) Blending (4) Acronym (5) Borrowing (6) Clipping, Back-Formation, Coin
7、age, Functional Shift & transliteration of foreign languages (1) Compounding or composition the process by which two independent words are put together to make a new words. fallout 放射性尘埃 Laserbomb 激光炸弹 Fallout 放射性尘埃 Splashdown 溅落 Waterlock 水闸 Thunderstorm 雷暴 Moonwalk 月面行走 Compounding or composition
8、Crawling peg 兑换率微量调整体制 Black hole 黑洞 Fox-bat 狐幅式战斗机(米格- 25) Lunar module 登月舱 Biological clock 生物钟 Salt-former 卤素 Heatwave 热浪 hot-press 热压 pulse-scaler 脉冲 (2) Affixation a process of word-formation by which words are formed by adding affixes to a root. Antibody（anti-）抗体 antimatter（anti-）反物质 antiproto
9、n（anti-）反质子 Antismog(anti-)反烟雾 Antipollution(anti-）反污染 Antihyperon(anti-）反超子 Anticyclone(anti-)反气旋 Nonaddict, （anti-）吸毒未成瘾者 nondegradable, （anti-）不可降解的 Microeconomics （anti-）微观经济学 Affixation Microinstruction (micro-)微指令 Macroeconomics (macro-)宏观经济学 Macroinstruction (macro-)宏指令 Telerama (-rama)大屏幕电视机
10、 Cinerama (-rama)全景电影 Anthropology (-logy)人类学 Translatology (-logy)翻译学 Fururology (-logy)未来学 Ecology(-logy) 生态学 Affixation Else:thermo-（热） electro-（电） aero-（空气） carbo-（碳） hydro-（水，氢） -ite（矿物） -maia（热，狂） (3)Blending Advertistrcs (advertising+statistics)广告统 计学 Altiport (altitude+airport)高山短距离起落机 场 Lun
11、acast (lunar+telecast)登月电视广播 Smog (smoke+fog)烟雾 Chunnel (channel+tunnel)海峡隧道 Comsat (communications+satellite) 通信卫 星 Humint (human+intelligence)间谍情报 Amerind (American+Indian)美洲印第安人 Telediagnosis (television+diagnosis)远程诊 断 Blending Humint (human+intelligence)间谍情报 Amerind (American+Indian)美洲印第安人 Tele
12、diagnosis (television+diagnosis)远程诊断 Carbecue (car+barbeque)热压熔化废旧汽车 的 装置 Biorhythm（biological+rhythm）生理节奏 Mechnochenistry（michanical+chimistry）机 械化学 Telex（teleprinter+exchange）电传 Medicare（medical+care）医疗保健 (4) Acronym Laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)激光 ADP (automatic
13、data processing)自动数据 处理 DC (direct current)直流电 IC (integrated circuit)集成电路 AC (alternating current)交流电 KWIC (key-word-in-context）关键字在文内 KWOC (key-word-out-of-context)关键字在 文首 (5) Borrowing Alfven wave（阿尔文波）Hannes Alfven Chandlers wobble(钱德拉波动说）Seth Carlo Chandler Kuru（库鲁癫痫症） -Kurn Highlands（库 鲁高地） IB
14、M System-International Business Machines Corporation(美国国际商业机器公 司） Mace（迈斯神经镇静剂） -To mace（v) (a brand name) To xerox, xeroxer-Xerox(静电复制）(a brand name) (6) Clipping, Back-Formation, Coinage, Functional Shift & transliteration of foreign languages Clipping :laboratory-lab Back-Formation :Laser- to las
15、e Coinage :Quark夸克 Functional Shift ：to contact the terminal Gene (from German) Translation of Technical Terms 名从主人，译者加注 （）liberal translation 译其义得其名 Bourgeoisie 布尔乔亚 资产阶级 Vitamin 维他命 维生素 Laser 莱塞 激光 Couple 对、偶 电偶、力偶 （）transliteration 译其音得其名 （）liberal translation + transliteration 因形见 义(注释性音译) Mastic 玛蹄脂 The Vistula 维斯杜拉河 Pumi 普米族 Translation of Technical Terms (4) Translation of acronym & blending words Laser (
