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1、Principles for Translation from C TO E,2.以对上下文的理解作为确定词义、选择译法的依据,3.认识汉语行文特点，适当“清理”，以适应英语习惯,1.译“意”而非译“字”，必要时“化”而译之,初学者往往只是忙于寻找那一个一个“字”或“词”在英语中的对应说法，而忘记了这些“字”、“词”究竟是什么意思，或在原文上下文中究竟是什么意思。如果忘了译“意”，只是在逐字死译，那么，原以为很容易的词也可能会译得很生硬，甚至译错或译得不知所云。,手指头笔头作业头一件事打断了话头头面人物头儿（路走到）头（了）（电车在饭店门口那）站头上（停住了）,手指头finger笔头作业wri
2、tten work头一件事first of all / the first thing打断了话头interrupt / cut sb. short头面人物influential people / VIPs etc.（路走到）头（了）the end of the road（电车在饭店门口那）站头上（停住了）at the bus stop头儿the head of the department,1. 春天苏醒了，万物笑逐颜开。 Spring awakened, and all nature smiled.2. 我们不能对他的意图掉以轻心。 We cannot take his intention
3、lightly.3. 只要一想到在大庭广众之前露面，我就胆战心惊。 The mere thought of appearing before a crowd frightened me.4. 他们犯了错误，我们不应该重蹈覆辙。 We should not inherit their mistake.,1. 我们不能让任何阿猫阿狗都入会。,We cannot admit every Tom, Dick and Harry to become the member of the club.,2. 这样重要的工作可不能当儿戏啊。,You should not regard such importan
4、t work as a trifle. (Childs play),3. 以前，他们都说女人拉男人的后腿；现在，倒过来了， 有些男人，拉起女人的后腿啦。,Before, they used to say it was the wives who held the husbands back; now, its the other way round-some husbands hinder their wives.,1）当代英语通行的文风倾向于简洁、平实，在现代汉语白话文里仍然喜欢用修饰语，喜欢用华美、文雅的词。2）汉语存在着一种有意无意的堆砌、空洞、累赘、陈腐的用词习惯，有些则是口语特点对书
5、面语造成的影响。3）汉语在表达方式上常显得比较模糊，英语文化重逻辑、重分析,例句：伪军士气低落，纷纷哗变，倒戈，傀儡政权内 部分崩离析。,Desertions and defections are rife among the puppet troops as a result of low morale, and the puppet regime is torn by internal strife.,梦想我母亲和我都是耽于梦想的人。我们常常坐在海滩上，把脚趾插进沉重而潮湿的沙里，看又大又慢有绿有白的碎浪滚滚而来，脑子里尽在遐想。当时我10岁，母亲34岁。我想的是海边有幢房子。母亲想的是钻
6、石耳环。母亲是矮身材，那时胖胖的。容貌端庄秀美，鼻梁笔直，鼻尖微翘，头发古铜色。我黑发细眼，长的矮，矮到比不上弟弟约翰。我们常常坐下来梦想，一面看约翰和小妹妹阿黛在海滩上赛跑。,In-class Exercise,Dreams Do Come True We were dreamers, my mother and I. We would sit on the beach, digging our toes into the heavy, wet sand, and watch the big, slow breakers come curling in, green and white, a
7、nd we would dream. I was 10. She was 34. I dreamed that I wanted to own a house by the sea. She dreamed that she wanted real diamond earrings.,She was a short, plump woman in those days. She had a calm exquisite face and a straight nose with a tiny tilt on the end. There was bronze in her hair. I wa
8、s short, shorter than my younger brother John and I had black hair and slit eyes. We used to sit and dream, and watch John and little Adele race each other up and down the beach.,徐霞客徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，
9、他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。,Xu Xiake During his lifetime, Xu Xiake (1546-1641) visited 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never completely depended on books to guide him in his tours, nor blindly accepted the conclu
10、sions given therein. As a result, he found many inaccuracies in the travel notes written by his predecessors. In order to get a detailed and truthful picture of the places he visited, he seldom traveled by cart or boat.,Answer for Homework,He would walk across hills and dales, and trudge long distan
11、ces, and to find out the true features of the great world of nature, he would venture far out into mountainous areas with the most treacherous rails and into jungles seldom frequented by human beings. The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantastically beautiful scenes. Famous mountains in various places would find him coming back for revisits during different seasons. There he was, marveling at the kaleidoscopic spectacles during the different hours of the day.,Thank You!,
