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1、一般鹼性電池的工作原理http:/www.nsc.gov.tw/dept/acro/version01/battery/database/types/alkaline.htm基本原理 組成材料 製作技術保存維護 應用領域 資源回收製造廠商 經銷管道 所謂的鹼性電池就是使用鹼性電解液的電池，如鋅/二氧化錳電池、鋅/氧化汞(水銀)電池等。市面上最常見與用途最廣的電池：一般來說，鹼性電池所指的就是鋅-二氧化錳電池 ，該電池以 二氧化錳(MnO 2)為陰極 、 鋅(Zn) 為陽極， 鹼性的氫氧化鉀水溶液(KOH)為電解液。 鋅二氧化錳電池有圓柱型與鈕扣型，一般常見的以圓柱型為主。 在組成上是由一個二氧
2、化錳陰極與一個鋅陽極再加上鹼性電解質所構成， 其中陰、陽極是將 活性物質的粉末緊壓於極板上，而 電解質則是液態的氫氧化鉀水溶液。 其結構式與反應如下：（）(Anode, A) Zn / KOH electroyte / MnO2（C, Cathode）（）陽極（）：Zn + 2OH- ZnO + H2O + 2e-陰極（）：2MnO 2 + 2H2O + e- 2Mn(OH)2 + 2OH-淨反應：2MnO 2 + Zn + H2O ZnO + 2Mn(OH)2 該電池提供的電壓約為 1.5 V， 其操作溫度範圍相當廣闊，介於 -20 到 70 之間。 鋅二氧化錳電池的組成如圖一所示。圖一：鋅
3、/ 二氧化錳電池的組成陰極：為獲得較高性能，使用高純度的電解二氧化錳與石墨的混合物。陽極：為增加進行反應的表面積，故用膠態的鋅粉。而以往陽極都是採用鋅與汞的合金，藉此以避免鋅的腐蝕，但因為汞具有毒性，現在已不採用而改以鈉或其他金屬代替汞。電鍍液：主要使用的是氫氧化鉀，製作上以 40% 的氫氧化鉀濃水溶液溶解氧化鋅至飽和，以防止鋅的自然溶解與氣體的發生。隔離層：陰陽極的直接接觸會造成內部短路，減低電池壽命，故隔離層由特殊可防止固態粒子通過但可讓電子通過的材料組成，以避免短路。主要使用的為多孔性纖維質不織布與棉狀構造物質。1. 勿投入火中或處於高溫環境：過熱的溫度可能使電池內部產生液體沸騰或氣體的
4、膨脹，進而引發爆炸。2. 不能進行充電：鹼性電池充電可能會使內部產生氣體，並導致電池受壓膨脹破裂。3. 勿將電池短路：若將電池的正負極相接短路，會因內部通過大電流而使溫度上升，導致爆炸的危險。4. 不可將新舊電池混合使用：舊電池中因使用過而具有較大的內電阻，故若與新電池混合使用，會使得新電池負擔過大並減少其壽命。5. 勿對電池進行焊接：焊接所生的高熱會使電池活性物質或封裝變形或漏液，若要將電池連接應採點熔接的方法。鹼性電池可說是一般人生活中最常見的電池，市面上販售電池大多都屬於此類。因此廣泛應用於照相機、收音機、隨身聽、手電筒、遙控器、玩具、時鐘、翻譯機、呼叫器、煙霧偵測器等等。Alkalin
5、e Batteries (SANYO) Alkaline Batteries (Nanfu)Alkaline Batteries (Panosonic)Industrial Alkaline Batteries (Panosonic)Alkaline C Cell (Spectrum)Alkaline D Cell (Spectrum)INDUSTRIAL BATTERIES http:/ Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries-鎘鎳電池What is a Nickel-Cadmium Battery?Its a battery that uses (1) nicke
6、l oxide (NiO) in its positive electrode (cathode), (2) a cadmium (Cd) compound in its negative electrode (anode), and (3) potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution in its electrolyte. The Nickel Cadmium Battery is rechargeable, so you can use it over and over. CADNICA BatteriesIn 1963, SANYOs innovative te
7、chnology gave birth to the sealed nickel cadmium battery, CADNICA. The CADNICA battery has earned high acclaim for its inventive technology and superior quality.Lithium-ion (Li-ion) Batterie 鋰(離子 )電池What is a Lithium-ion Battery?Its a high energy density, 3.6V battery that is widely used in the port
8、able equipment market. It uses lithium metallic oxide in its positive electrode (cathode) and carbon material in its negative electrode (anode), and the lithium ions inside the Features1. Its rechargeable, so you can use it over and over; more than 500 times Much more economical than dry cell batter
9、ies. 2. Discharge voltage remains stable even in conditions of high-rate discharge current For equipment needing a high-rate discharge current, its far more stable than other battery types. 3. Wide operating temperature range (-20C to 60C) It operates especially well in low temperatures. 4. Performa
10、nce doesnt deteriorate even after long-term storage Full recovery of original performance levels after recharging. 5. Designed to withstand overcharge and overdischarge Superior durability. 6. Sealed configuration with gas release vent Easy maintenance and no leakage. 7. Produced using an ISO9000 ce
11、rtified quality control system High quality and reliability.Applications Cellular phones, telecommunications equipment Portable audio-visual equipment Emergency lights Electric tools Battery-powered vehicles Click for Ni-Cd Battery Featuresbattery transfer between the positive electrode and the nega
12、tive electrode during charge or discharge.Features1. High voltage of 3.6V lets you cut down on the number of batteries you use.2. High energy density minimizes battery size and weight, making it perfect for use in small portable equipment. 3. No metallic lithium is used so charging and discharging a
13、re very safe.4. No memory accumulation so it provides a full charge every time. 5.The outer casing in square type batteries is an aluminum alloy, so overall battery weight is lower. ApplicationsVideo cameras, digital still camerasCellular phones, PHS phonesLaptop computers MD PlayersVarious portable
14、 equipment PDATwicell Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) BatteriesWhat is a Twicell Nickel-Metal Hydride BatteryIts a secondary battery which lasts more than twice as long as CADNICA batteries. Twicell uses hydrogen absorbing alloys in its negative electrode (anode) and nickel oxide in its positive electr
15、ode (cathode). Since its release, the first in the world in October 1990, the Twicell sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride battery has developed a strong reputation for high capacity, high performance and high quality. In November 1996, Sanyo was the first manufacturer in the world to achieve 300 million cel
16、ls accumulatively. The HR-4/3AU (3,500mAh) is a new battery (volumetric energy density: 300Wh/l), first marketed in May 1996, that well exceeds the volumetric energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Sanyo released another Twicell battery of even higher capacity (volumetric energy density: 340Wh/l) in the end of 1997. In addition, the new Twicell HR-4/3FAU(4
