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1、尊敬的主席先生，尊敬的获奖者，女士们，先生们：Dear respected Chairman, General Secretary, esteemed Nobel Laureates, ladies and gentlemen,今天我极为荣幸能在卡罗林斯卡学院讲演，我报告的题目是：青蒿素中医药给世界的一份礼物。Its my great honor to give this lecture today at Karolinska Institutet. The title of my presentation is: Artemisinin - A Gift from Traditional C
2、hinese Medicine to the World.致谢在报告之前，我首先要感谢诺贝尔奖评委会，诺贝尔奖基金会授予我2015年生理学或医学奖。这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家团队的嘉奖和鼓励。在短短的几天里，我深深地感受到了瑞典人民的热情，在此我一并表示感谢。Before I start, I would like to thank the Nobel Assembly and the Nobel Foundation for awarding me the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This is not on
3、ly the honor for myself, but also the recognition of and motivation for all scientists in China. I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to the great hospitality of the Swedish people which I have received during my short stay over last few days.谢谢William C. Campbell（威廉姆.坎贝尔）和Satoshi mu
4、ra（大村智）二位刚刚所做的精彩报告。我现在要说的是四十年前，在艰苦的环境下，中国科学家努力奋斗从中医药中寻找抗疟新药的故事。Thanks to Dr. William Campbell and Dr. Satoshi Omura for the excellent and inspiring presentations. The story I will tell today is about the diligence and dedication of Chinese scientists during searching for antimalarial drugs from the
5、traditional Chinese medicines forty years ago under considerably under-resourced research conditions.关于青蒿素的发现过程，大家可能已经在很多报道中看到过。在此，我只做一个概要的介绍。这是中医研究院抗疟药研究团队当年的简要工作总结，其中蓝底标示的是本院团队完成的工作，白底标示的是全国其他协作团队完成的工作。蓝底向白底过渡标示既有本院也有协作单位参加的工作。Discovery of ArtemisininSome of you may have read the history of artemi
6、sinin discovery in numerous publications. I will give a brief review here. This slide summarizes the antimalarial research program carried out by the team at the Institutes of Chinese Materia Medica (ICMM) of Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ATCM) in which the programs highlighted in blue we
7、re accomplished by the team at ATCM while the programs highlighted with blue and white were completed through joint efforts by the teams at ATCM and other institutes. The un-highlighted programs were completed collaboratively by the other research teams across the nation.中药研究所团队于1969年开始抗疟中药研究。经过大量的反
8、复筛选工作后，1971年起工作重点集中于中药青蒿。又经过很多次失败后，1971年9月，重新设计了提取方法，改用低温提取，用乙醚回流或冷浸，而后用碱溶液除掉酸性部位的方法制备样品。1971年10月4日，青蒿乙醚中性提取物，即标号191#的样品，以1.0克/公斤体重的剂量，连续3天，口服给药，鼠疟药效评价显示抑制率达到100。同年12月到次年1月的猴疟实验，也得到了抑制率100%的结果。青蒿乙醚中性提取物抗疟药效的突破，是发现青蒿素的关键。Discovery of Artemisinin at ICMMThe team at ICMM initiated research on the Chine
9、se medicines for malaria treatment in 1969. Following substantial screening, we started to focus on herb Qinghao in 1971, but received no promising results after multiple attempts. In September 1971, a modified procedure was designed to reduce the extraction temperature by immersing or distilling Qi
10、nghao using ethyl ether. The obtained extracts were then treated with an alkaline solution to remove acidic impurities and retain the neutral portion.In the experiments carried out on October 4th 1971, sample No 191, i.e. the neutral portion of the Qinghao ether extract was found 100% effective on t
11、he malaria mice when administered orally at a dose of 1.0g/kg for consecutive three days. The same results were observed when tested in malaria monkeys between December 1971 and January 1972. This breakthrough finding became a critical step in the discovery of artemisinin.1972年8至10月，我们开展了青蒿乙醚中性提取物的临
12、床研究，30例恶性疟和间日疟病人全部显效。同年11月，从该部位中成功分离得到抗疟有效单体化合物的结晶，后命名为“青蒿素”。We subsequently carried out a clinical trial between August and October 1972 in Hainan province in which the neutral Qinghao ether extract successfully cured thirty falciparum and plasmodium malaria patients. This was the first time the ne
13、utral Qinghao ether extract was tested in human. In November 1972, an effective antimalarial compound was isolated from the neutral Qinghao ether extract. The compound was late named Qinghaosu (artemisinin in Chinese).1972年12月开始对青蒿素的化学结构进行探索，通过元素分析、光谱测定、质谱及旋光分析等技术手段，确定化合物分子式为C15H22O5，分子量282。明确了青蒿素为不
14、含氮的倍半萜类化合物。Artemisinin Chemistry StudiesWe started to determine chemical structure of artemisinin in December 1972 through elemental analysis, spectrophotometry, mass spectrum, polarimetric analysis and other techniques. These experiments confirmed that the compound had a complete new sesquiterpene
15、structure with a formula of C15H22O5, a molecular weight of 282 and contained no nitrogen.1973年4月27日，经中国医学科学院药物研究所分析化学室进一步复核了分子式等有关数据。1974年起，与中国科学院上海有机化学研究所和生物物理所相继开展了青蒿素结构协作研究的工作。最终经X光衍射确定了青蒿素的结构。确认青蒿素是含有过氧基的新型倍半萜内酯。立体结构于1977年在中国的科学通报发表，并被化学文摘收录。Stereo Structure of ArtemisininThe formula of the mol
16、ecule and other results were verified by the analytical chemistry department of China Academy of Medical Sciences on April 27th 1973. We started collaboration with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and the Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences on artemisinin chemical structure analysis in 1974. The stereo-structure was finally determined using the X-ray diffraction technique which verified that artemisinin was a new sesquiterp
