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1、对比文体学作业纸（4）：英汉篇章层文体突出形式对比班级11翻译学号姓名学号姓名学号姓名学号姓名标题英汉篇章层文体突出方式得分批阅日期语篇层次的第一个问题是句子衔接与连贯。英语句子与句子之间用不同的衔接手段（cohesive devices）来体现语篇结构上的粘着性和意义上的连贯性，衔接手段多种多样，且常交叉使用，但大体上可分为语法手段、词汇手段和语音手段三大类。表达相同的意义可以有不同的衔接手段，但有不同的文体风格；汉语也是如此。英汉之间表达相同意义的英汉语句群又并不一定使用相同的衔接手段。请英汉互译下列篇章，指出衔接手段在翻译转换后是否有变化，并改写原文的衔接手段，保留原文意义不变，指出由此
2、产生的风格变化，然后再次英汉互译，指出衔接手段在翻译转换后是否有变化。原文译文衔接手段翻译转换分析I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one. It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route, and make
3、a beaten track for ourselves. I had not lived there a week before my feet wore a path from my door to the pond-side; and though it is five or six years since I trod it, it is still quite distinct. It is true, I fear, that others may have fallen into it, and so helped to keep it open. The surface of
4、the earth is soft and impressible by the feet of men; and so with the paths which the mind travels. How worn and dusty, then, must be the highways of the world, how deep the ruts of tradition and conformity! I did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast and on the deck of
5、the world, for there I could best see the moonlight amid the mountains. I do not wish to go below now.(Henry David Thoreau. Walden,1854)我离开森林，或者走入森林，皆好。也许在我看来，我似乎还有好几个生命可过。我不必把太多的时间化交给其中的一种生命。令人惊讶的是，我们是多么容易不知不觉中沉浸于一种生活，而为自己制定打造一种人生轨迹。我在那儿住了不到一个星期，就已经踏出了一条从家门通往湖边的小径，尽管五六年过去了，那小径却依旧。这是真的，我想其他人也可能行走其间，
6、而使它畅通依旧。大地是如此的柔软，人们随处都可以留下点点踪迹；心灵之旅也可以留下丝丝踪影。世间之路何为尘土飞扬,习俗和惯例何为车辙深深！我不愿自己成为一个坐在船舱的旅人，宁愿站在世界的桅杆和平台上，从那里，我能眺望一轮明月高挂于山峦之巅。是的，我现在真的不愿回到舱底了。语法手段，动词的时与体的交替变化。英语原文中是过去时态，而在译文中，虽是明显的回忆过去事件的叙述，但衔接手段并不是通过时态，而是以“我”为线索，按照“我”的内心想法使译文得以连贯。上述原文改写为：我去过那儿，也好，离开了那儿，也好。对于我来说，我可能有很多种生命可以活，所以我没必要浪费在那一种上。踏上一条特殊的人生路，打造一条人
7、生轨迹，对于我们来说，非常简单。我在那住了不到一个星期，我走过的路径不过就是从家门口到池塘边。尽管已经过去了五六年，但是这个小径依旧在那，也许是因为有很多人走过它。大地非常柔软，人们可以踩在上面；人们的心灵也可以畅游其中。世间之路尘土飞扬，习俗和惯例车辙深深。我宁愿宁愿站在世界的桅杆和平台上，眺望一轮明月高挂于山峦之巅，也不愿自己成为一个坐在船舱的旅人。是的，我现在真的不愿回到舱底了。词汇衔接。通过添加连词来改写原文，从而使得风格变得比较简单。在翻译时，需要做一些语序调整，使得译文读起来通顺，连贯。（1）John decided to see Mary immediately .(2)He w
8、anted to tell her what had actually happened to their mother.约翰决定立刻去见玛丽。他想告诉她，他们的妈妈发生了什么事情。语内照应。根据第一句可知，下文的her指的是Mary，而their指的是john和Mary。因此看可以准确译出。 （1）Here is the news: a fire broke out last night in the Red Star Shoe-making Factory in Guangzhou（2）Now listen to this! Our teacher has won the First Pr
9、ize in the singing contest.（3）When I met her, Mary looked very sad. 下面一则新闻，广州红星制鞋厂昨晚发生了火灾。快听！我们的老师获得了歌唱比赛的第一名。当我看见玛丽时，她看上去非常难过。语内照应，下指。“here/this/her”分别根据下文译出。John has moved to a new house.He had built it last year.John has moved to a new house. His wife must be delighted with it.John has moved to a
10、 new house. I didnt know it was his.Johns house is beautiful. His wife must be delighted with it.Johns house is beautiful. He had built it last year.Johns house is beautiful. I didnt know it was his.That new house is Johns.I didnt know it was his.That new house is Johns. He had built it last year.Th
11、at new house is Johns. His wife must be delighted with it.约翰已经搬到新房子去了，那是他去年建的。约翰已经搬到新房子去了，他妻子一定非常喜欢那个新房子。约翰已经搬到新房子去了，我之前并不知道那个房子是他的。约翰的房子非常漂亮，他老婆一定很喜欢那个房子。约翰的房子非常漂亮，那是他去年建的。约翰的房子非常漂亮，我之前并不知道那是他的。那个新房子是约翰的，但我之前并不知道是他的。那个新房子是约翰的，他在去年建好了。那个新房子是约翰的，他的老婆一定非常喜欢那个新房子。人称照应。对于这些人称代词：he/his/I，根据上文一一对应译出。(1) T
12、here seems to have been a great deal of sheer carelessness. This is what I cant understand.(2) -I like the lions, and I like the polar bears. These are my favourites.-Those are my favourites, too.(3) Do you want to know the woman who designed it? That was Mary Smith.(4) She found herself in a long,
13、low hall which was lit up by a row of lamps hanging from the roof. There were door all round the hall, but they were all locked.(5) In my young days we took these things more seriously. We had different ideas then.这似乎有太多粗心大意，这也是我不能理解的地方。我喜欢狮子，我喜欢北极熊，这些都是我最喜爱的。那些也是我最喜爱的。你想要知道它的设计者吗？她就是玛丽史密斯。她发现自己在一个狭
14、长低矮的大厅里，悬挂在屋顶上的一排灯照亮着大厅，整个大厅周围全是门，但门都被锁着。年轻时，我们对待这些事情更严肃。当时的我们想法与现在很不同。在我斯指示照应。对于指示代词“this/these/those/that/the/then”，把每个指示代词所指的主语翻译出来。(1) Hes a better man than I am.(2) She has a similarly furnished room to mine.(3) The little dog barked as noisily as the big one.(4) Tom gets ten dollars a week for
15、 pocket money. Bob receives an amount similar to what Tom receives.(5) John didnt like the car. He asked to see a different one.(Halliday & Hasan: 1976:76-87 )(1) 他是一个比我还好的男人(2) 她有一间和我装修一样的房间(3) 这条小狗叫的和那条大的一样高(4) 汤姆每个星期的零花钱是10美元，鲍勃和他一样多。(5) 琼不喜欢这辆汽车，他要求看看其他的。这是语法手段，通过不同方式表达比较级，比较级+than; asas等，转换方式来表达。翻译时要注意比较体的前后顺序。(1) My axe is too blunt. I must get a sharper one.(2) -John has become depressed.-Has he ever been so before? (3) -Does Jean sing?-No, but
