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1、西安科技大学 硕士学位论文 深埋高地应力隧道卸压支护技术研究 姓名：郭相参 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：岩土工程 指导教师：戴俊 论文题目：深埋高地应力隧道卸压支护技术研究 专 业：岩土工程 硕 士 生：郭相参 （签名） 指导教师：戴 俊 （签名） 摘 要 随着交通建设的发展和能源开采进入深部， 高地应力条件下的隧道有效支护成了地 下工程中必须面对的问题之一。高地应力条件下，采用普通的加强支护法，不仅浪费大 量的人力、物力、财力，而且支护效果差。往往支护结构破坏严重，返修率高。因此， 探索高地应力条件下的隧道有效支护方法，保证隧道长期的安全与稳定，并提高隧道支 护效果， 降低隧道支护结构返修率和
2、支护成本， 是迫切的， 具有重要的理论和实际意义。 基于围岩分区破裂化理论和爆破损伤理论， 本文运用理论计算分析和数值模拟研究 方法，对深埋高地应力隧道的卸压支护技术进行研究。具体研究内容与取得的主要研究 成果如下： （1）基于围岩分区破裂化原理，根据分区破裂带的位置、宽度确定了装药位置和爆 破卸压的区域， 利用相应分区破裂带的半径和宽度计算公式对爆破卸压部分参数进行确 定。经计算炮孔深度为 9.0m；装药量为 0.55kg、0.45kg、0.40kg、0.35kg；堵塞长度为 8.12m、8.27m、8.35m、8.43m。 （2） 根据爆破损伤理论计算了卸压孔的间距和卸压后围岩应力值， 炮
3、孔间距为 0.7m、 0.8m、 0.9m、 1.0m。 结合材料力学知识和隧道支护理论计算了隧道衬砌结构厚度和内力。 衬砌厚度由卸压前的 1.5m 减小到卸压后的 0.9m、0.75m、0.6m、0.8m，而且卸压后衬 砌结构的弯矩和轴力也减小 37%以上，表明爆破卸压取得了预期的效果。 （3）利用 ANSYS/LS-DYNA 动力有限元软件建立仿真数值模型，对松动爆破卸压 支护进行了模拟，并研究爆破卸压参数和卸压效果的关系。分析模拟计算结果得出：爆 破卸压后，衬砌结构的变形和内力均在不同程度上降低了，变形减小 47%以上，且内力 减小 35%以上，并与理论研究成果基本吻合，表明爆破卸压达到
4、了改善围岩支护条件的 目的。通过松动爆破卸压将隧道围岩高地应力向远离隧道表面的深部围岩转移，从而达 到降低围岩应力，保护隧道的目的。 本文研究成果对深埋高地应力地下工程的建设和能源开发具有一定的指导意义和 参考价值。 关 键 词：高地应力；分区破裂化；爆破卸压；数值分析；隧道支护 研究类型：应用研究 Subject : Research on Pressure-relief Support Technique for High Initial Stressed Tunnel at Depth Specialty : Geotechnical Engineering Name : Guo Xia
5、ng can (Signature) Instructor : Dai Jun (Signature) ABSTRACT With the development of traffic construction and energy exploration having reached deep mining, high initial stressed tunnel effective support is one of the issues which underground engineerings must face. With high initial stress, the ord
6、inary reinforced support not only wastes plenty of manpower, material and financial resources, but as well results in poor performance of support. Frequently, supporting structure is seriously destroyed and has high repair rate. Therefore, it is urgent to seek methods of high initial stressed tunnel
7、 effective support, which can ensure long-term security and stability of tunnel, and improve tunnel support effect, and also reduce tunnel support structure repair rate and support cost, which has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on zonal disintegration theory and blasting dam
8、age theory of the mass, this article studies pressure-relief support technique for deep-buried high initial stressed tunnel with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method. The concrete research contents and main achievements are as follows: （1）Based on zonal disintegration theory of the m
9、ass, the charging location and region of pressure-relief by blasting are determined according to the location and width of zonal crack zone, the formulas of radius and width of the corresponding fracturing area are used to calculate some parameters of pressure-relief by blasting. After calculating,
10、the depth of blast hole is 9.0m; the explosive charges are 0.55kg, 0.45kg, 0.40kg, 0.35kg; the stemming lengths of blasting hole are 8.12m, 8.27m, 8.35m, 8.43m. （2）The blast hole spacing and surrounding rock stress after pressure-relief are calculated according to blasting damage theory, the blast h
11、ole spacings are 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m, 1.0m.And then, considering material mechanics knowledge and tunnel support theory, the tunnel lining thickness and internal forces are determined. After pressure-relief by blasting, the iniaial lining thickness of 1.5m is reduced to 0.9m, 0.75m, 0.6m, 0.8m, and tha
12、t the moment and axial force of lining structure are also reduced more than 37% after pressure-relief by blasting, which show that pressure-relief by blasting leads to anticipative effect. （3）The ANSYS/LS-DYNA of dynamic finite element software is used to build simulation numerical model to simulate
13、 support of pressure-relief by loosening blasting and study the relationship between parameters and effect of pressure-relief by blasting. The simulate analysis results, which is generally agreed with the theoretical achievements, show that the lining structure deformation and internal forces are re
14、duced in various degrees. Deformation is reduced more than 47%, and internal forces are reduced more than 35%， which show that pressure-relief by blasting achieves the purpose of improving supporting condition of surrounding rock. The pressure-relief by loosening blasting could transfer the tunnel h
15、igh initial stress to the depth rock, which can reduce surrounding rock stress and protect the tunnel. The research achievements in this thesis is of certain guiding significance and reference value in engineering for the construction of deep-seated high initial stressed underground engineerings and
16、 energy development. Key words : High initial stress Zonal crack Pressure-relief by blasting Numerical analysis Tunnel support Thesis : Application Research 1 绪论 1 1 绪论 1.1 研究问题的提出 迈入21世纪，交通建设进入了隧道时代。按照我国交通部门的规划，公路、铁路隧 道数目将越来越多，长隧道和特长隧道也越来越多1,2，如表1.1所示。 表表表表1. . . .1 我国我国我国我国部分部分部分部分隧道统计表隧道统计表隧道统计表隧道统计表 编号 年份 数量（座） 长度（m） 1 2002年 423 1000 2 2003年 485 1000 3 2004年 549 1000 4 2005年 658 1000 5 2006年 767 100
