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1、服装设计中的计算机辅助方法三维计算机辅助设计（ CAD ）技术正逐渐扩散到服装的设计和制造应用领域。目前，服装行业普遍使用的二维CAD工具。预计，三维设计工具，将成为未来服装行业中不断发展的技术。服装产品的设计的基本问题是合体性的问题以及相关的二维图形生成的问题。最终目标是设计和生产非常合体的个性化服装，而三维方法是通过努力可以实现这一目标的最合理的办法。三维方法包括几个关键因素：其中包括参数化三维人体模型;三维服装模拟;三维图案设计，并3D/2D模型转换。做这个课题的目的是提供一个平台，供研究人员回顾过去的技术发展，并为今后研究三维服装设计方法找出可能的方向。这里选择了题目相关的五篇论文，为
2、服装行业提供三维应用程序发展的背景和技术。第一份文件是一个粗略的审查织物仿真技术，该技术奠定了基础的三维服装设计。接下来的三篇论文详细介绍了虚拟的环境中的三维服装设计。最后一篇介绍了将三维服装转换为二维样板的新技术。第一篇论文是从Choi and Ko得到的，有关织物仿真研究问题。作为一项服装设计和修改的基本技术，物理为基础的织物仿真技术被用来产生织物运动的逼真效果。这篇论文介绍了织物仿真技术的三个方面：（1）服装结构; （2）基于物理的模拟，和（3）碰撞检测和响应。所面临的技术挑战，即创造更多的实际成果;实现更快的运行时间，制造/模拟更为复杂的服装，是需要进一步研究的突出问题。Volino等
3、在第二篇论文中提出的，是一个框架，它符合服装行业虚拟服装设计和原型制作的需要。他们的做法集中在交互设计，模拟和可视化功能。作为先进的虚拟服装仿真技术在过去十年中的总结，本文中介绍的框架集成了国家最先进的具有创新设计工具的物理模拟算法，提供高效率和高质量的服装设计和原型制作程序。第三篇论文介绍了一个综合的环境，这使得设计师能够通过分析服装虚拟原型和仿真结果验证他们的风格和设计方案，因此，物理原型的数量和作用会减少。和上一篇论文中提到的一样，本文介绍的服装虚拟原型的制作方法也是以物理为基础的。他们能够建立模型确定各向异性织物的经纬向性能。牛顿动力学的限制适用于网格，以确定最后形成的合体服装的形状。
4、本文中提到的通过应用研究和对几个男女性服装项目中CAD建模和物理模拟的分析，用来证明他们的系统功能。在第四篇论文中，作者提出了一种同步三维服装仿真结果更新算法，用于二维服装纸样设计的修改。用这种做法，对二维模式的修改无须每次重复整个三维服装合体性仿真，样板修改过程的效率被大幅度提升了。该算法的另一个优势是，二维服装纸样的网格拓扑结构被保存，从而通过保持矩阵方程一致性简化了数值格式。为了把用户制作的三维服装转变成良好的二维板式，麦卡特尼等人在第五篇论文中介绍了一种方法。他们的算法，通过采用一个正交应变模型来转换锁定在不可更新的能量函数中的应变值。这些能源函数通过平坦约束三角网格被尽量减少。因为他
5、们的应变模型各向异性，其方法可以处理正交异性材料的平坦问题，这对服装生产中三维模式转变为二维模式是非常重要的。他们的论文中也考虑了接缝插入问题。在这里，我们要感谢对这些论文提供了宝贵的意见和见解的审评者。这些论文表明，三维CAD技术在服装设计中正在迅速成熟，将成为弥补学术研究和商业应用在设计和制造服装产品中差距的桥梁。尽管仍有物理模拟、碰撞检测、 3D/2D转换、高效的设计界面领域的技术需要改善，但是我们希望这一复杂的服装设计任务可以通过CAD系统在不久的将来完成。CAD methods in garment designThree dimensional Computer-Aided-Des
6、ign (CAD) technology is gradually diffusing into the garment design and manufacturing applications. At present, the apparel industry widely uses two-dimensional CAD tools. It is anticipated that three-dimensional design tools will be the next evolving technology for the apparel industry. The basic p
7、roblems in apparel products design are the fitting problem and the related 2D-pattern generation problem. The ultimate goal is to design and produce well-fitted personalized garments for individuals, and the 3D approach is the most rational approach to be adopted to realize this goal. The 3Dapproach
8、 consists of several key elements, which include parameterized 3D-mannequin modeling; 3D-garment simulation;3D-pattern design, and 3D/2D-pattern conversion.The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum for researchers to review the past developments, and to identify possible directions for fut
9、ure research on 3D-approaches to garment design. The five papers selected for this special issue provide background and techniques for 3D-applications in the apparel industry. The first paper serves as a cursory review of cloth simulation technology which lays the foundation of 3D-garment design. Th
10、e following three papers show techniques for 3D-garment design in a virtual environment. The last paper in this special issue gives a novel technique to convert 3D-garment pieces into corresponding two patterns.The first paper is a review paper from Choi and Ko on research problems in cloth simulati
11、on. As a fundamental technique for the design and modification of apparel items, the physics-based cloth simulation technique is used to generate realistic cloth motion in real-time. Three technical aspects of cloth simulation are reviewed in this paper: (1)garment construction; (2) physically based
12、 simulation, and(3) collision detection and response. The technical challenges, namely creating more realistic results; achieving faster running time, and constructing/simulating more complex garments, are highlighted as the problems requiring further research.Presented in the second paper by Volino
13、 et al. is a framework which fits the needs of the apparel industry for virtual garment design and prototyping. Their approach concentrates on interactive design, simulation and visualization features. As a result of the advances in virtual garment simulation technologies in the last decade, the fra
14、mework presented in this paper integrates the state-of-the- art physical simulation algorithms with the innovative design tools to provide an efficient and quality garment design and prototyping procedure.The third paper describes an integrated environment, which allows designers to validate their s
15、tyle and design options through the analysis of garment virtual prototypes and simulation results, so that the number and role of physical prototypes are reduced. In line with the previous paper, the garment virtual prototyping method presented in this paper is also physics-based. They define the pa
16、rticle mesh associated with each fabric panel as a structured 2Dgrid whose coordinates aligned with the directional anisotropic warp and weft properties of the fabric. The constrained Newtonian dynamics is applied to the mesh to determine the final shape of a fitted garment. Applications and case studies, with analysis of CAD modeling and physical simulation results of several male and female garment items, are shown in the paper to demonstrate the functionality o
