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1、考点 现在完成时高考频度： 难易程度： 1.（2016北京卷单项填空）I _ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will read【答案】 B2. In the last few years, China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A. has made B. had made C. was making D.is making【答案】A【解析】句意：在过
2、去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。【应试必备】现在完成时及其用法1. 现在完成时结构：主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词否定句：have/has后加not, havent/hasnt一般疑问句：have/has提前2. 现在完成时的用法：（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yet，already，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。Have you had your lun
3、ch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗？Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了。）I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。（这些照片已不在我这里了。）have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别1. have (has) gone to表示已经去某地了，不能与for+一段时间连用。She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。）2. have (has) been to
4、表示曾经去过某地，不能与for+一段时间连用。She has been to Shanghai three times.（她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。）3. have (has) been in/at表示一直待在某地，常与时间段搭配，指待了很久。（2）过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。I havent seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。S
5、he has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：（1）用于过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果的时间状语有：already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为已经，用在否定句中表示还，常放在句末。ever意为曾经，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。never意为从来都没有，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。before意为以前，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。（2）用于过去发生的事，一直延续
6、到现在的时间状语有：for + 时间段 for two years since + 时间点 since 2008since thensince he came hereso far 目前；迄今为止 up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止；直到现在all the time 总是；一直 recently/lately 最近these days 近几天by the end of.到末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中in the last
7、/past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中 （3）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.（4）非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I havent received his letter for almost a month. （5）since与for用法比较用法例
8、句since用来说明动作起始时间I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这里。My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。for用来说明动作延续时间长度I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了二十多年了。3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型（1）That/This/It is the first (second, third . ) time. (that) .句型中，从句要用现在完成时。It is th
9、e first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。 （2）That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + （that）从句中，that 从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 （3）在It is/has been + 一段时间 + since . 句型中，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从
10、句用一般过去时。It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。 Its / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3个月了。 （4）一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句 Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。误区提醒（1）并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作） I
11、have worked here for many years. （现在我仍在这里工作）（2）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别：延续性动词表示经验、经历； 短暂性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 He has completed the work. （表结果） Ive known him since then.（表经历）（3）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till / until从句的差异 延续性动词用于肯定句，表示做直到；短暂性动词用于否定句，表示到才He didnt come back until ten oclock. 直到十点钟他才回来。He slept until
12、 ten oclock. 他睡到十点钟。1.In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have beenB. will beC. wasD. has been2.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached
13、3.How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media_ it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered4.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _sharply. A. was increasingB. has increa
14、sedC. had increasedD. will be increasing5.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I_my mind. A. have changedB. changeC. had changedD. would change参考答案1.D 【解析】考查时态。句意：在我的家乡，每当所有的麦子全都收割完毕，农场主们总会吃一次丰收晚餐。从句中cut的动作发生在主句动作之前，主句是一般现在时，故该从句使用一般现在时或现在完成时。2.A【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：尽管先前进行了几轮会谈，但双方至今也没有达成协议。由时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语agreement与reach之间是动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。3.C【解析】考查时态。根据句中的in a variety of forms可知，媒体已经以多种形式对南京青年奥运会进行了报道，因此选择C。进步，在于总结。我在这，总结在哪儿？_
