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1、Period Four Grammar：Adverbial clauses withing,3动词ing形式位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用，一般来说，用作原因、条件时，常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，常位于句末。 4当动词ing形式的主语与句子主语不一致时，我们可以用ing形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以在句中作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。 5独立成分作状语， 有些动词ing形式短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。,二、基本用法 1用作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句。Turning around( Wh
2、en she turned around)，she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。,2用作原因状语时相当于as，since，because引导的从句。 Seeing nobody at home( Because she saw nobody at home), she decided to leave them a note. 看到没人在家，她决定给他们留一张便条。 3用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。 She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(伴随)She sat
3、at the desk and read a newspaper.她坐在桌边看报纸。 4用作条件状语时相当于if, unless引导的从句。 Working hard(If you work hard)，youll succeed. 如果你努力工作，你就会成功。,5用作结果状语时相当于so，so that等引导的从句。 The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children. (The old man was so poor when he died that he left nothing to his children.) 可怜的老人去
4、世了，没有给孩子留下什么。,6用作让步状语时相当于though，although等引导的从句。 Admitting what he said(Though I admit what he said)，I still think he hasnt tried his best. 尽管我承认他的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。,【单项填空】 “We cant go out in this weather，” said Bob, _ out of the window. Alooking Bto look Clooked Dhaving looked 答案 A 动词ing形式looking表示与谓语同时
5、发生的动作，在句中作伴随状语。,三、动词ing形式的否定式 动词ing形式的否定式通常是在ing形式前加否定副词not。 Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for advice.因为不知道该做什么，他向老师请教。,【单项填空】 _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. ANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized 答案 C realize和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的
6、主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。不定式作状语表示目的或者结果，与题意不符，故可排除B和D。,四、v.ing的时态和语态 (1)现在分词的主动语态，分为一般式和完成式两种。现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行，而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他匆忙回家，边走边向后看。 Having lived in New York for years, I knew each part of it very well. 由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。,(2
7、)现在分词的被动语态也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成了。 The large building being built(which is being built) down the street will be a hospital. 街道那边正在建造的大楼将是一所医院。 Having been operated on the leg, he cant walk as usual. 由于腿部动了手术，因此他不能像平常那样走路了。,【单项填空】 The little boy, _ tw
8、o attempts to climb over the fence of the garden, decided to have another try. Ahaving made Bmaking Cmade Dhas made 答案 A 句意：小男孩已经试图要爬过花园的篱笆墙两次了，他决定再试一次。分词的完成式表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前。故选A。,议论文 【写作任务】 根据下表内容，以Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people？为题写一篇短文。,【写作要求】 1短文必须包括以上要点。 2词数 120左右。 【写作分析】
9、第一步：认真审题 1本文是一篇议论文。议论文的结构一般有引子、正文和结论三部分。一般在引子部分提出论点，即文章的主题，在正文部分摆出有利的事实，对论点进行严密的论证，最后根据前面的论证得出结论。,2本文要求分析奇幻文学受年轻人欢迎的原因并提出建议，人称以第三人称为主，时态用一般现在时。 3文章需要对年轻人喜欢奇幻文学的现状及原因进行分析，并提出建议。需注意题目中所给要点的整合，并注意条理清晰，层次分明。并适当运用高级词汇、复杂句型及合适的过渡词。,第二步：提炼要点 1like to read fantasy literature 2the reason 3indirect and thrill
10、ing 4lively, interesting and instructive 5unreal things 6make up for 7be addicted to 8adapt oneself to,第三步：扩点成句 1At present many young people like to read fantasy literature. 2Here are some main reasons. 3The plot of fantasy literature is usually indirect and thrilling. 4Fantasy literature is usuall
11、y lively, interesting and instructive.,5Fantasy literature usually describes something that young people cant do in real life, so it makes up for the realization of young peoples dreams. 6It is useful to read a proper amount of fantasy literature, but dont become addicted to it or you may not adapt
12、yourself to reality.,【参考范文】 Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people? At present many young people like to read fantasy literature. When they read some fantasy literature, they often forget to eat and sleep. Why is fantasy literature so popular with young people? Here are some main rea
13、sons. First, the plot of fantasy literature is usually indirect and thrilling. So it can attract young people. At the same time, fantasy literature is usually lively, interesting and instructive. As a result, it can easily move young people. Besides, fantasy literature usually describes something th
14、at young people cant do in real life, so it makes up for the realization of young peoples dreams.,It is useful to read a proper amount of fantasy literature, but dont become addicted to it or you may not adapt yourself to reality.,必备句型 1Opinions vary from individual to individual. 2Others argue/hold
15、 the view that. 3Whats important is that. 4As far as Im concerned, I prefer. 5When it comes to failure, different people hold different attitudes towards it. 6There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it. 7Its universally acknowledged that knowledge can change ones fate.,8In conclusion,
16、 I think having a very close relationship with a pet is healthy. 9In short, it can be said that health is more important than wealth. 10From what has been said above, we can safely draw a conclusion that attitudes determines everything.,“一分为二”还是“合二为一” “一分为二”和“合二为一”原为哲学上的术语，现借用来说明英语中的一个有趣的现象。英语中有些词可以“一分为二”地写成两个词，也可以“合二为一”地写成一个词。它们貌似
