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1、专题十一 特殊句式(强调,倒装,主谓一致,省略及其他),词汇复习11(根据汉语提示填入以f开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以f开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景】When the fashion art master delivered the speech,he mentioned that you have to (打,斗争) against the following (因素) such as self-doubt, (失败),loneliness,misunderstanding and even threat on condition that you want to have
2、access to achievement.Furthermore,you should get (熟悉) with any flexible change,focus on the key points and form a good habit.Only in this way can a person have good fortune.,fight,factors,failure,familiar,译文:当那个时尚艺术大师发表演讲时,他提到:如果你想获得成就,你必须和以下因素作斗争,例如,不自信、失败、孤独、误解,甚至是威胁。而且,你应该熟悉任何灵活的变化,着重关注要点,养成好习惯。只
3、有用这种方式一个人才可以得到好运。,特殊句式很特别,每类都有规则寻; 注意语境和逻辑,感情表达更充分。 1.(2015重庆卷改编)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.,答案,解析,2.(2015天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office (she realize)that she had left the contract at home.,答案,解析,3.(2015江苏卷改编)It mi
4、ght have saved me some trouble (I know)the schedule.,答案,解析,4.(2015湖南卷改编)It is important to remember that success (be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve.,答案,解析,5.(2015湖南卷改编)Always (keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.,答案,解析,一,二,三
5、,四,五,一、强调句型 1.强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。一般来说,被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。如: It was John who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会。 It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。,一,二,三,四,五,2.强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was
6、it+被强调部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playing basketball? 你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back? 你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了? 3.not.until.结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。 It was not until he removed his sunglass
7、es that I recognized him. 直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才将其认了出来。,一,二,三,四,五,温馨提示 注意:强调句中的主谓一致:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 It is he who is wrong.是他错了。,一,二,三,四,五,二、全部倒装 1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree等置于句首,且主语是名
8、词时,此时要用全部倒装。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. 山顶有棵松树。 2.代词such放在句首,且在句中做表语时,此时要用全部倒装。 Such are the facts;no one can deny them. 这些就是事实;没有人可以否认。,一,二,三,四,五,3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将做表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。 Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 坐在第一排的是一
9、些资深工人。 注意:1.全部倒装句中不用进行时,采用一般现在时态代替进行时。 Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming here.车来了。 2.当句子的主语为人称代词时,即使有表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首,句子也不再用倒装结构。 Out he rushed.他冲了出去。,一,二,三,四,五,三、部分倒装 1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句做状语且放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。 Only when one loses frien
10、dship does one know its value. 只有当一个人失去友谊时,他才知道友谊的价值。 2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition,in no way等置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。 Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film befor
11、e.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。 By no means will I give up searching for my lost dog. 我绝不会放弃寻找我那只丢失的狗。,一,二,三,四,五,3.as/though引导让步状语从句时,要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首;though引导让步状语从句时,也可用正常语序。 Tired though/as he was,he kept on running. =Though he was tired,he kept on running. 尽管他很累,但还是继续跑着。 4.倒装句常见句型总结,一,二,三,四,五,一,二,三,四,五,So frig
12、htened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 Hardly had I entered the lecture hall when I was surrounded by the students. 我刚一进入报告厅就被同学们围住了。,一,二,三,四,五,四、主谓一致 主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种原则。做题
13、时要注意语境中的时态及其他语法现象。 (一)语法一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数;若句子的主语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数。 Electric cars are more environmentally friendly than traditional cars. 电动汽车比普通汽车更环保。,一,二,三,四,五,1.主语后跟由with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as,in addition to,including,rather than等构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致
14、。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介词宾语,不可能充当主语。) Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。 The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. 除那个男孩外,这些女孩也学会了说日语。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词,more than one+单数名词,many a+单数名词,one+单数名词
15、+and a half”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 每个男孩和女孩都正在做运动。 Many a child was playing there. 许多孩子正在那边玩耍。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试失利了。 One apple and a half was on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)意义一致原则 1.当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作
16、单数,谓语动词用单数形式。但是,当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney. 那位既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。 War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平在历史上是一个永恒的主题。 Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality. 中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都不错。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“a number of+复数名词”意思是“许多”,表示复数意义;“the number of+复数名词”意思是“的数目”,表示单数概念。 “the population of.”意思是“的人口数量”,做主语
