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1、五、代词、介词和介词短语,一、代 词 考点1 代词基本用法 代词是代替名词、短语和句子起名词作用的词。代词主要包括九类: 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词(只有两个: each other和one another)、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词。关系代词和连接代词隶属于复合句部分。,常见人称代词、物主代词及反身代词如下表所述:,【典例剖析】 (2016全国卷)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by_ (it) mother.,解题关键: 此处表
2、示“它的母亲”, 故使用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词mother。 答案判定: its,【高考题组】单句改错/单句语法填空 1. (2016四川高考)When he (my father) came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. (改错) _ 2. (2015全国卷)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. (改错) _,her改为his,saw后添加his,3. (2015浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many
3、trees around them. (改错) _ 4. (2014全国卷)Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other. (改错) _,them改为it,him改为them,5. (2015全国卷)Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _(it) choking smog. 6. (2014全国卷)“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ”“Oh dear! Its _(I). ”She pushed her way to the driver
4、and took the suitcase thankfully.,its,me/mine,7. (2015全国卷)Would you please write something about the culture in _(you) part of the United States? 8. (2014辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let _stay in the air for seconds.,your,it,考点2 it的用法 1. it作人称代词的用法 (1)指事物 作为人称代词, it可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。 *Its hard work, but I
5、enjoy it.,(2)指人 it指人时主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。 *There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.,2. it作非人称代词的用法 (1)基本用法 it作非人称代词时, 主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等。,(2)用于某些句型 Its time for sth. 该做某事了。 Its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时候了。 Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。,Its (about/high) time+that-从句 某人(早)该做某
6、事了。(从句谓语用过去时, 有时也用“should+动词原形”) Its the first (second) time+that-从句 这是某人第几次做某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时) Its+时间段+since-从句 自从有多长时间了。 Its+时间段+before-从句 过了多长时间才,3. it作形式主语(宾语)的用法 it常作形式主语(宾语), 替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 (1)it作形式主语的句型 It+be+adj. +(for sb. )to do sth. 常用于此句型的形容词有: easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecess
7、ary, possible等。 *It is necessary to change your job.,It+be+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。 *How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!,It+be+n. (+for sb. /sth. )+to do sth. 用于此句型的名词(短语)有: pity
8、, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 *It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.,It+be+adj. /n. +doing sth. 用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有: no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。 *Its no use crying over spilt milk.,It+be+n. /adj. +主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary
9、/important/strange+that从句”中, 从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”, 且should可以省略。 *Its necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.,It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人做某事花了一段时间。,(2)it作形式宾语的情况 主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj. +不定式/动名词/从句。 *I feel it hard to
10、climb the hill.,某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it, 然后接从句, 有此用法的动词(短语): like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。 *I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.,【典例剖析】(2015全国卷)After six days_is wise to take a day off to rest.,解题关键: it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的to take a day off to rest。构成固定结构
11、it+be+adj. +to do。 答案判定: it,【高考题组】用适当代词填空 1. (2015全国卷)Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where _ is easy to get lost!,it,2. (2014广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a
12、wonderful holiday destination. 3. (2014全国卷)Whos that at the door? _ is the milkman.,it,It,考点3 不定代词的用法 1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的用法,2. something, anything, nothing的用法,3. none, no one/nobody, nothing的用法,【典例剖析】单句改错 (2015陕西高考)I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party
13、.,解题关键: something某件/些事; anything任何一件事, 往往用于否定句或疑问句中。根据句意, 可知强调“我要为他做一些特殊的事情”, 故用something。 答案判定: anything改为something,【高考题组】用适当的代词填空 1. (2015全国卷)When _of the two methods removed the noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. 2. (2015浙江高考)They recognize theres _ missing in their
14、lives, but its hard to step off the track.,neither,something,3. (2015安徽高考)First of _, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 4. (2014四川高考)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked _and moved to Cambridge.,all,neither,二、介词和介词短语 考点1 介词基本用法 1. with: 和一
15、起; 随着; 因为; 具有/带有; with复合结构。 2. at: 表示片刻的时间点; 表示“在某处”, 指在一个较小的地点; 表示产生某种情绪的原因, 意为“因为而”“一听到/看到/想到就”。,3. in: 表方位, 在某范围内, 特别注意在报纸上、书上有什么内容, 要用in; 表时间, 后接表时间段的名词短语, 指在某一段时间内或在带有将来时态的语句中表示某一段时间将发生句子谓语动词所表示的动作; 表示材料、语言、方式、声音。,4. on: 表示时间, 指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning与on the morning of 1st,
16、May的区别; 表示方位, 指在某一事物表面上或与某物毗邻; 表示与某一方面内容相关, 意为“关于”; 与名词或动名词连用, 意为“一就”。,5. from: 表示“来自”或“从时间开始”。 6. through: 表示从事物内部穿过, 与介词in有关; 表示通过, 凭借。 7. across: 从事物的表面通过, 与介词on有关。 8. over: 表示在表面的正上方, 与under相对; 表示“从某事物上方越过”; 表示“在上面”, 指部分或全部覆盖; 与表示时间段的名词(短语)连用, 表示“经过、跨过某一个时间段”。,9. beyond: 表示方位, 意为“超过, 在较远的一边”; 表示超出理解
