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1、,第二讲 口译中的小技巧 Specific Contents,一 数字口译 Interpreting Numerals,For an interpreter, one of the difficulties in transference of the message is figures. For a Chinese interpreter, the difficulties are greater. The reason is that the basic counting units are different in Chinese and in English.,The main di
2、fferences of counting units,1. In Chinese, in addition to “个位”, “十位”, “百位”, “千位”, there is a name “万” for a five-digit number and “亿”for a nine-digit number. Hence Chinese”一万”must be rendered into “十千”(ten thousand )in English , and “十万”into “一百千” (one hundred thousand),2. In English , the names of
3、the digits are based on groups of three zeroes. The first group of three zeroes (1,000)is called thousand, the second (1,000,000)million, the third (1,000,000,000) billion.,Comparison of Counting Units,个 十 百 千 One ten hundred thousand 万 10 thousand 十万 百万 100 thousand million 千万 亿 十亿 10 million 100 m
4、illion billion,Note-taking of numbers,1. 听到中文, 写下阿拉伯数字, 然后用”三分法”标记, 读出英语. 例: 听到”一亿两千五百万” 写下125000000, 标记为:125,000,000,2. 听到英语, 写下阿拉伯数字,然后用”四分法”标记, 读出中文 例: 听到: seven hundred sixty three million two hundred nineteen thousand eight hundred and twelve , 写下:763219812 标记为7,6321,9812 读出：七亿六千三百二十一万九千八百十二,b,
5、 m, th, 十 千 百 十 亿，亿 万 万， 万 万 千， 百 十 个 2， 8 6 3， 5 8 9， 5， 3 7 0， 4 0 0,数学符号,31% - thirty-one percent 71.3* - seventy-one point three degrees 0.631 - (nought / zero) point six three one 0.0009%-zero/nought o o o nine percent 98.53-ninety-eight point five three +3 1/2 (3/7) - plus three and a half (th
6、ree sevenths) -5 1/4 - minus five and a quarter,1/x - one over x y2 - y squared k3 - k cubed ( ) - round brackets; parentheses - square brackets - braces; curly brackets,1/2 one half 1/4 one quarter 1/5 one-fifth 1/3 one-third 3/4 three-fourths 5/9 five-ninths 2/6 two-sixths 9/10 nine-tenths 3/1000
7、three-thousandths,26/95 twenty six over ninety-five 79/53 seventy-nine over fifty-three 九又四分之一 nine and a quarter 五又三分之二 five and two-thirds,零点七万（0.7万）： 7，000 or seven thousand 零点八五亿（0.85亿）： 85，000，000 or eighty-five million 三十六点零九万（36.09万）： 360，900 or three hundred and sixty thousand, nine hundred,
8、模糊数字,two miles or so; some thirty persons; more or less forty pages; round about eight oclock; somewhere about four provinces,1 Interpreting approximate number (大约）,“约” “大约” “大概” “来” “左右”： about; around; roughly; approximately; some; more or less; in the neighborhood; or so; or thereabout; in the ro
9、ugh. 大约二百美元/二百美元左右：about/around/some/ roughly two hundred dollars 大约五十来岁：around/about fifty years old,2 Interpreting numbers smaller than round numbers (少于）,“小于” “少于” “低于” “不到” “不及” “不足” “以下” “以内” “以里” fewer than; less than; under; below; within 不到一千美元: less than/under/below one thousand dollars,3 I
10、nterpreting numbers more than round numbers (多于）,“多于” “大于” “高于” “超过” “多” “几” “以上” more than; over; above; upwards of; ( before the number) and more; odd; and odd; ( after the number) 十几天： more than/above ten days; ten days and more/and odd,4 Interpreting numbers with the meaning of “nearly” (将近）,“近”
11、 “快” “将近” “接近” “几乎” “差不多” “差一点” “差一点不到” nearly; almost; toward; close on 快八点：nearly/almost eight oclock 将近五十岁：nearly/almost/toward fifty years old,十几个- no more / less than twenty; over a dozen 几十个- dozens of 几百个- hundreds of 成千上万- thousands of 几十万- hundreds of thousands of 数以百万计- millions of 亿万-hund
12、reds of millions of,倍数,倍数的增多 A is five times as much as B. five fold 400% greater than four times greater / more than There is a 400% increase when we compare B with A.,倍数的减少 a is n times as small （light，slow，）as b. a is n times smaller （lighter， slower，) than b. a的大小（重量，速度，）是b的1/n,decrease n times/
13、n-fold decrease by n times decrease by a factor of n 减少到1/n decrease常被reduce， shorten， goslow down等词替代。,量词,一班人 a bunch of youngsters 一帮匪徒 a band / pack of gangsters 一队学生 a body / crocodile of students / pupils 一部文学作品 a work of literature,一群蚂蚁 a swarm of ants 一群鸽子 a flock of pigeons 一群马 a herd of hor
14、ses 一道亮光 a beam of light 一顿面条 a meal of noodles,一番好意 a piece of kindness 一缸咸菜 a jar of salted / preserved vegetables / pickles 一派胡言 a pack of nonsense,二 笔记 Note-taking in Interpreting,The importance of taking notes in interpreting Our short-term memory alone can not retain the amount of information
15、the speaker gives in the act of interpreting. We need to employ other means to help with our retaining and retrieval of information. Notes are an aid to enhance the work of understanding, analysis and re-expression, the three activities of consecutive interpreting.,The main use of notes is to reliev
16、e memory. Although an interpreter may have understood the main ideas of a speech, it is almost impossible for him/her to recall all the elements of a five-minute speech, particularly if it contains numbers, names, lists, since such elements cannot be recalled on the basis of analysis and logic.,Basic guidelines f
