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1、应用文写作,英语书信的结构：,英文书信通常包括6个组成部分： 信头（heading，包括寄信人地址和日期); 信内地址（inside address，指收信人地址); 称呼（salutation）; 正文（body）; 结束语（complimentary）; 签名（signature）; 有时候还包括附言（postscript）和 附件（attachment）。 在考试中，由于篇幅所限，只要求考生在书信中包 括称呼、正文、结束语和签名四个部分。,1. 信头（Heading） 信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页 的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。 地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号
2、、街道、城市、 省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信 件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如： 123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. March 15, 2002,发信日期的写法： 年份完全写出，不能简写。 月份用英文，不要用数字代替。多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。 写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5，28，29， 30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31
3、st等。但最好用基数 词，简单明了。 日期可有下列几种写法： Dec. 21, 2013； 21 Dec., 2013； 21st Dec, 2013； Dec. 21st, 2013。其中，最为通用。,2. 信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公 务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这 一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的 左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。,3 .称呼（Salutation） 与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中要写收信人的姓。大部分信件
4、在称呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam:,3. 信的正文（Body of the Letter） 直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的，然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求，并加以必要的解释或说明。 陈述目的时，直截了当，意思明确，层次清楚，言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段（即起首语）一般先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述，以便使对方一看便知该信是回答
5、哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信，也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍，并表明自己写信的主要目的。,正文写作格式： 1)英式结构：缩进式结构，即每一段的第一行都向里缩进4-8个字符，且所有段落的缩进距离保持一致；称呼顶格写，落款则在中间偏右的位置。 2)美式结构：齐头式结构，即所有段落的第一行 都顶格写，段与段之间空一行，称呼、落款等也都顶格写。 商业信函以及电子邮件最好使用齐头式。,缩进式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of wr
6、iting my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard formatting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please
7、give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours, Judy,直接说明写信目的,原因,齐头式： Dear Kate, I wonder if you can lend me your MLA Handbook for Academic Writing. I am in the process of writing my graduation thesis, and need to consult the book now and then for standard form
8、atting. Thus I might need to keep the book for about a month and a half, and I hope that would not bring any inconvenience to you. I assure you that I will maintain the book in good condition. If possible, please give me a call and I will come by your house to pick up the book. Thanks a lot. Yours,
9、Judy,建议使用齐头式,4.结束语（Complimentary Close） 公务信件的结尾礼词包含两部分：发信人的结尾套语与署 名。结尾套语写在签名上面一行，第一个字母要大写，套语 结尾后面要加逗号。 常用的结尾套语有：Truly yours, Yours truly, Respectfully yours, Yours respectfully, Faithfully yours, Yours faithfully, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours 等。 私人信件中，发信人常用的结尾套语有： Sincerely y
10、ours, Lovely yours, Your lovely, Your loving son / daughter等。,记住几个常用的即可,5. 签名（Signature） 写信人的签名常位于结尾礼词正下方一二 行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信，签名一般须 写出全名。,各种信函类型:,一、 邀请信 (A Letter of Invitation) 1.活动名称及目的 写明邀请对方参加什么活动，以及邀请的原因和目的等。 2.活动细节及注意事项 写明活动安排的细节及需要告诉对方的注意事项。诸如时间、地点、参加人员、人数，需要做些什么样的准备以及需要穿着什么的服饰。,Dear Mr. Harrison
11、: Our new factory will be commencing production on April 10 and we should like to invite you and your wife to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at
12、 home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay overnight on April 10 will, of course, be
13、 made by us at our expense. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,Dear Snoopy, I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jings wedding ceremony with Ms. Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2008. As you are a close friend of us, we would very much l
14、ike you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven oclock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and St
15、rauss. If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company. Yours sincerely, Li Ming,活动内容,时间，地点,常用开头用语 I am writing to invite you to I would like to see your presence at I think it would be a good idea if you could participate in I wonder if you could
16、 come I would like you to come How would you like to join us in? 常用结尾用语 My family and I would feel honored if you could come. We would be looking forward to your participation in the party. I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.,（2012年）真题,你叫李平，是学院学生会干部，获悉你的一位师兄王勇在毕业后工作近一年，就被提升为公司销售部经理，你写信邀请他来学院举办一场讲座，信的内容包括：消息的来源；表示高兴和祝贺；讲座内容（他成功的经验）,开头写什么？,自我介绍，从老师得知升职消息，祝贺。,Dear Wang Yong, I am a member of the School U
