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1、第 六 章 增词与省略翻译,By Xu Xiaomei November, 2013,Teaching Objectives,To learn the translation techniques of : amplification and omission,Teaching Focus : How to make the translation more accurate by using the adopted techniques Teaching Methods: Combination of explanation, analysis and practice Time Arran
2、gement: 4 periods,References,郭著章，英汉互译实用教程 冯庆华，实用翻译教程 张培基，英汉翻译教程 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程M. 上外教出版社； 彭长江. 英汉汉英翻译教程M. 湖南师大出版社， 冯伟年，最新简明英语翻译教程M，世界图书出版公司，2001 陈宏薇，新编汉英翻译教程M.上海外语教育出版社，2004 许建平.英汉翻译实践与技巧M.清华大学出版社2000,增词法 Amplification,教学目的：让学生了解常用翻译技巧“增词” 教学重点：增词 教学难点：如何在翻译实践中中应用这一技巧 教学方法：技巧分析与翻译练习相结合 教学参考书：郭著章的英汉互译翻
3、译教程、张培基的英汉翻译教程、吕瑞昌的汉英翻译教程和彭长江的英汉汉英翻译教程 教学时间：2节课,I. Definition of amplification,Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to
4、or to subtract any meaning from the original work.,However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated into. In fact it is precisely for
5、the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.,This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Therefore, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and phrases, e
6、tc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to the original patterns without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.,1. A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper. 译文1： 一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。 译文2：一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。 译文3：一本书
7、，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。 译文4：闲置之书只是一叠废纸。,2. Success is often just an idea away. 译文1：成功往往只是一个念头的距离。 译文2：成功往往只是一念之差。 译文3：成功与否往往只是一念之差。,4. Away flies the arrow! 译文1：箭飞走了！ 译文2：箭嗖的一声飞走了！ 或：嗖，箭飞走了！,II. Classification of Amplification in English-Chinese Translation,1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词） This kind of
8、 amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. These kinds of words are amplified so that they can express the intended or implied lexical or contextual meani
9、ngs of the SL text clearly and exactly, or in other words, they are amplified so as to make the implied lexical meanings in the SL text concrete, clear, and idiomatic.,1. 1 增加动词 Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain: The Prince and the Pauper) 译文一：啊，汤姆康第，生在破烂、肮
10、脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么显赫啊！ 译文二：汤姆康第原来(who was born)生在可怜巴巴的人家(in misery)，穿得破破烂烂(in rags)，一身邋里邋遢(in dirt)，现在(what sight is this)换了这身装束，啊，是何等气派！, She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 译文:1：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。 译文2：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连胸中也生出了花。 译文3：她觉得自己好像手里拿着花，嘴边吻着花， 自
11、己也像花儿一样开放了。,1. 2 增加名词 A. 在抽象名词后面增加名词 After all preparations were made, the plane took off. (准备工作) The arrogance of the aristocracy helped to lead to the French Revolution. （傲慢的态度） From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition. （水分蒸发的现象）,B. 在具体名词后面
12、增加名词 (两种情形) a) 当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文中也常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。 He allowed the father to be overruled (驳回reject a proposal of a person) by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，判决自己儿子有罪。,b) 在具体名词后面增加名词，避免译文含混，使译文符合汉语习惯。 In this way she brings the ends of her life together with a terrifyin
13、g rush: she is a girl, a wife, a mother, widow, all at once. 就这样，她急速地将自己一生七零八碎的事像竹筒倒豆子似的全兜了底：她做姑娘时的事，做妻子时的事，做母亲时的事，守寡时的事，通通搅和在一起。, Many great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive. （作家的作品）,C. 在形容词前面增加名词 This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这台新型的计算机真是价廉物美。 He is a co
14、mplicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。,D. 在不及物动词后面增加名词 英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的。所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出来。 Wash before meal. Shopping-bag ladies do not drink. Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust. （涂油漆） Mary
15、 washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. （洗衣服）,1. 3 增加概括词,概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。 Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 与大多
16、数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长, 储存脂肪。, The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 这座大厅有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声。 Or：这座大厅具有明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声等优点。 In the 1960s, the Soviets posed a serious challenge to Americas hegemonic (霸权的) position militarily, politically and economically. 20世纪60年代，苏联在军事、政治、经济等方面对美国的霸权地位提出了严峻的挑战。,1. 4 增加副词,为了确切地表达原意，有些动词在一定场合可根据原文的上下文增加适当的副词。 To make sure that my
