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1、太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 序批式生物膜法（SBBR）处理城市污水试验研究 姓名：李帅 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：杨云龙 20090401 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 序批式生物膜法（SBBR）处理城市污水试验研究 摘 要 序批式生物膜技术（SBBR）是序批式运行模式与生物膜法相结合的新 技术。本试验首先研究了该反应器的挂膜启动过程，之后以强化脱氮效果 为目的，对该工艺处理城市污水的不同运行方式进行了考察，并探讨了不 同运行方式下的脱氮途径和影响因素。 本试验采取接种挂膜法，在保证供氧充足的条件下宜采用较小的曝气 强度， 经过 12 天后， COD 去除率稳定在 80%以
2、上， NH3-N 去除率达到 60% 以上，标志系统挂膜启动成功。但此时 NH3-N 去除率始终不超过 75%，为 此提高 DO 至 3.54.5mg/L，回流比为 11，运行稳定后，COD、NH3-N 去 除率均超过 90%。 在对 SBBR 的运行方式进行优化的试验过程中， 运行参数都控制为 DO 为 3.54.5mg/L，回流比为 11，水温 22。原水水质为：COD=250400 mg/L，NH3-N=6080 mg/L，TP=68 mg/L。三种运行方式对 COD、NH3-N 的去除效果都达到了一级 A 的排放标准，并观察到 SBBR 反应器内的生物 膜具有“初期快速吸附现象” 。
3、连续曝气运行方式下的初期试验，系统的NNO2 积累率超过 80%。本 阶段的 TN 去除主要是短程同步硝化反硝化作用的结果，TN 去除率相对进 水为 50.99%，相对原水为 70.78%，出水 TN 超过 20mg/L。 连续曝气运行稳定后，系统出水NNO2 积累率降至 24.53%，此时的 TN 主要是依靠全程同步硝化反硝化作用去除，去除率相对进水为 45.91%， 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III 相对原水为 67.60%。溶解氧在 3.5mg/L4.5mg/L 时有利于同步硝化反硝化 （SND） 反应的发生。 连续曝气后加缺氧段对 SBBR 反应器 TN 去除率的提 高没有明显效
4、果。 好氧（1h）缺氧（1h）高频间歇曝气的运行方式，系统好氧段的硝 化速度达 9.77mg/(Lh)，但对 TN 去除效果很差，去除率相对进水只有 29.63%，相对原水只有 59.2%。 好氧（1h）缺氧（2h）间歇曝气运行方式下，好氧段硝化速度平均 达到 12.19mg/(Lh)，系统在反硝化过程中充分利用了污水中的碳源，TN 去除率相对进水为 53.13%，相对原水为 75.39%，出水低于 20mg/L，基本 达到一级 B 标准。系统内的氮通过多种途径去除。在该运行方式下，pH 值 变化不大，不需要给系统补充碱度。DO 的变化呈现明显的规律性，缺氧阶 段反应器内 DO 不需要降到 0
5、.5mg/L 以下就可以实现良好的缺氧环境。 关键词：污水回用，SBBR，挂膜，生物脱氮，同步硝化反硝化，短程 硝化反硝化 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV TRIALS AND STUDIES ON THE SEQUENCING BATCH BIOFILM REACTOR (SBBR) FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT ABSTRATCT Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) is a new type of technology combines the sequencing batch operation
6、mode with the biofilm process. At first，the experiment studied on the biofilm culturing and startup of the reactor. And then, for the purpose of strengthening the effect of nitrogen removal, we viewed different operation modes for the municipal wastewater and discussed the routes of nitrogen removal
7、 and influencing factors in different modes. The processes started up by the method of inoculated biofilm formation. Lower aeration intensity was recommended with the condition of just meeting oxygen demand. After 12 days, the COD removal rate reached more than 80% stably and the NH3-N removal rate
8、was higher than 60%, which indicated successful biofilm growing. For NH3-N removal rate was always lower than 75%, the DO and the reflux ratio were increased to 3.54.5mg/L and 11 respectively. At last, the removal rates of COD and NH3-N were more than 90% after the reactor was stable. During the opt
9、imization experiment for the operation modes, the operating parameters were invariable for the different modes: the DO=3.54.5mg/L, the 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V back ratio was 11, and the water temperature was 22. The raw wastewater quality was : COD=250400 mg/L，NH3-N=6080 mg/L，TP=68 mg/L .The three kind of
10、 running means can all meet the A-level discharge standards of COD and NH3-N. And initial rapid adsorption about biofilm was observed in the reactor. The - 2 NON accumulation rate was more than 80% in the system during earlier trial under the running mode of continuous aeration. TN was removed by th
11、e shortcut simultaneous nitrification denitrification mainly in this period. The removal rate of TN was 50.99% based on influent and 70.78% based on raw wastewater, and the effluent concentration of TN was more than 20mg/L. The - 2 NON accumulation rate of the effluent dropped to 24.53% when the sys
12、tem was stable under the same running mode. So the complete simultaneous nitrification and denitrification played a more important role in removing TN. Total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 45.91% based on influent and 67.60% based on raw wastewater. A concentration of average oxygen range from
13、3.5 to 4.5mg/L was in favor of SND. Adding the anoxic phase after continuous aeration had no obvious effect on improving TN removal efficiency. Nitrification rate of oxic phase in the system was 9.77mg/(Lh) in the way of high frequency intermittent aeration with oxic(1h)/anoxic(1h) . But the removal
14、 rate of TN was very poor with 29.63% based on influent and 59.20% based on raw wastewater. 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 VI In the way of intermittent aeration with oxic(1h)/anoxic(2h) the average nitrification rate of oxic phase reached to 12.19 mg/(L h). The system made full use of the carbon sources in the wa
15、stewater during denitrification. TN of effluent met mostly the B-level standard with less than 20mg/L, and the removal rate of TN was 53.13% based on influent, 75.39% based on raw wastewater. The nitrogen in the wastewater was removed by many means. The undulatory range of pH value was small and it
16、was not necessary to supply additional alkalinity to the system under this running mode. The variations of DO was regular and the system could be in anoxic condition when the concentration of oxygen was above 0.5mg/L. KEY WORDS: sewerage recycling, sequencing batch biofilm reactor, biofilm culturing, biological nitrogen removal, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, shortcut nitrification-denitrification 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 XI 符号说明 符号说明 1. SBBR (Sequencing
