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1、科普知识类A(2018湖南师大附中高考模拟卷)“Educational researchers, political scientists and economists are increasingly interested in the characteristics and skills that parents, teachers and schools should foster in children to increase chances of success later in life，” said lead author Marion Spengler, PhD of the
2、University of Tubingen. “Our research found that specific behaviors in high school have longlasting effects for ones later life.”Spengler and her coauthors analyzed data collected by the American Institutes for Research from 346, 660 US. high school students in 1960, along with followup data from 81
3、,912 of those students 11 years later and 1,952 of them 50 years later. The initial high school phase measured a variety of student behaviors and attitudes as well as personality characteristics, cognitive abilities, parental socioeconomic status and demographic(人口统计的)factors. The followup surveys m
4、easured overall educational attainment, income and occupational prestige(声望)Being a responsible student, showing an interest in school and having fewer problems with reading and writing were all significantly associated with greater educational attainment and finding a more prestigious job both 11 y
5、ears and 50 years after high school. These factors were also all associated with higher income at the 50year mark. Most effects remained even when researchers controlled parental socioeconomic status, cognitive ability and other broad personality characteristics such as conscientiousness.While the f
6、indings werent necessarily surprising, Spengler noted how reliably specific behaviors people showed in school were able to predict later success.Further analysis of the data suggested that much of the effect could be explained by overall educational achievements, according to Spengler.“Student chara
7、cteristics and behaviors were rewarded in high school and led to higher educational attainment, which in turn was related to greater occupational prestige and income later in life，” she said. “This study highlights the possibility that certain behaviors at crucial periods could have longterm consequ
8、ences for a persons life.”1Whats the finding of Marion Spenglers research?ATeachers play a decisive role in students later success.BPersonality characteristics are more important than academic performances.CHigher educational attainment has little to do with occupational prestige.DBehaviors in the h
9、igh school should be highly stressed.2Which is TRUE about the research?AThe research was conducted among totally different people during different periods.BThe research was based on the data collected from 1960 to 2010.CMore people were involved in the followup surveys.DThe initial high school phase
10、 measured attitudes only.3What is likely to contribute to later success according to the research?AParental socioeconomic status.BOverall educational achievements.CCognitive ability.DHard work.4Why did the researchers control some factors like parental socioeconomic status?ATo avoid the previous mis
11、takes.BTo highlight the effects of certain specific behaviors.CTo draw an immediate conclusion.DTo hide some negative findings.答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，中学时期的某些特定行为会对以后的生活有长期影响。1D解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“Our research found that specific behaviors in high school have longlasting effects for ones later life.”可知Ma
12、rion Spengler的研究发现学生在中学的行为对以后的生活有长期影响，应该被高度重视，故选D项。2B解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Spengler and her coauthors analyzed data collected by the American Institutes for Research from 346,660 US. high school students in 1960, along with followup data from 81,912 of those students 11 years later and 1,952 of them 50 ye
13、ars later.”可知这次研究是基于1960年到2010年的数据，故选B项。3B解析：细节理解题。由第五段可知整体的教育成就更可能有助于后来的成功，故选B项。4B解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的“Most effects remained even when researchers controlled parental socioeconomic status, cognitive ability and other broad personality characteristics such as conscientiousness.”以及最后一段中的“This study highli
14、ghts the possibility that certain behaviors at crucial periods could have longterm consequences for a persons life.”可知为了强调特定行为的影响，研究人员控制了一些因素像父母经济地位，故选B项。B(2018广东佛山高三质检)Scientists have identified the order of the gene of the giraffe for the first time to help explain how the tallest animals on earth
15、 developed their remarkably long necks.Being a giraffe is not easy. To pump blood two meters up from the chest to the brain calls for a powerful heart and twice the blood pressure of other mammals. Giraffes also need special safety system to let them bend down for a drink and raise their heads again
16、 without feeling dizzy.The animals unique body structure has long been a puzzle for biologists, including Charles Darwin. Now, by comparing the gene of the giraffe with that of its closest relative, the shortnecked okapi, scientists have solved part of the puzzle by studying changes in a small number of genes responsible both for regulating body shape and circul
