ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS PERFORMANCE 组织过程性能A Process Management Process Area at Maturity Level 4 成熟度4 级的过程管理类过程域Purpose 目的The purpose of Organizational Process Performance (OPP) is to establish and maintain a quantitative understanding of the performance of selected processes in the organization’s set of standard processes in support of achieving quality and process performance objectives, and to provide process performance data, baselines, and models to quantitatively manage the organization’s projects.组织过程性能（OPP ）的目的在于建立并维护对组织标准过程集中已选定的过程的量化了解，以支持达成质量与过程性能目标，并提供过程性能数据、基线及模式，来量化管理组织的项目。
Introductory Notes 简介The Organizational Process Performance process area involves the following activities: 组织过程性能过程域涉及以下活动：• Establishing organizational quantitative quality and process performance objectives based on business objectives (See the definition of “quality and process performance objectives” in the glossary.)基于业务目标，建立组织级定量的质量和过程性能目标（参考在术语表关于“质量与过程性能目标”的定义• Selecting processes or subprocesses for process performance analyses选择用于过程性能分析的过程或子过程• Establishing definitions of the measures to be used in process performance analyses (See the definition of “process performance” in the glossary.) 建立可用于过程性能分析的度量项定义（参考在术语表关于“过程性能”的定义）• Establishing process performance baselines and process performance models (See the definitions of “process performance baselines” and “process performance models” in the glossary.)建立过程性能基线和过程性能模型（参考在术语表关于“过程性能基线”和“过程性能模型”的定义）The collection and analysis of the data and creation of the process performance baselines and models can be performed at different levels of the organization, including individual projects or groups of related projects as appropriate based on the needs of the projects and organization.数据的收集和分析以及建立过程性能基线和模型的活动，可以在组织的不同层次进行，包括单个项目或者根据项目和组织的需要建立的相关联的项目群都认为是合适的。
The common measures for the organization consist of process and product measures that can be used to characterize the actual performance of processes in the organization’s individual projects. By analyzing the resulting measurements, a distribution or range of results can be established that characterize the expected performance of the process when used on an individual project.组织的公共度量由过程及产品度量项构成，可用于描述织内的单个项目的实际过程性能通过分析度量的结果，可以建立结果的分布或范围，当用于单个项目时，他们描述期望的过程性能特征Measuring quality and process performance can involve combining existing measures into additional derived measures to provide more insight into overall efficiency and effectiveness at a project or organization level. The analysis at the organization level can be used to study productivity, improve efficiencies, and increase throughput across projects in the organization.质量与过程性能度量可以将现有的的度量项组合成为另外的衍生度量，在项目或组织层面提供全面的效率和效果方面的更深入的理解。
组织层面的分析能被用来研究组织中项目的生产力，提升效率，并且增加组织中各项目的生产能力The expected process performance can be used in establishing the project’s quality and process performance objectives and can be used as a baseline against which actual project performance can be compared. This information is used to quantitatively manage the project. Each quantitatively managed project, in turn, provides actual performance results that become a part of organizational process assets that are made available to all projects.预期过程性能可用来设定项目的质量及过程性能目标，亦可作为与实际项目性能比较的基线。
这些信息用来以量化方式管理项目反过来，每个已量化管理的项目所提供实际的性能结果，将成为组织过程资产的一部分，这些数据对所有项目是可用的Process performance models are used to represent past and current process performance and to predict future results of the process. For example, the latent defects in the delivered product can be predicted using measurements of work product attributes such as complexity and process attributes such as preparation time for peer reviews.过程性能模型用于展现过去及目前的过程性能，并用来预测过程的未来的结果例如，在预测交付产品中潜在的缺陷时，可以通过使用诸如复杂度这样的工作产品属性以及诸如同行评审准备时间这样的过程属性来进行预测When the organization has sufficient measures, data, and analytical techniques for critical process, product, and service characteristics, it is able to do the following: 当组织对各项关键过程、产品及服务特性有足够的度量项、数据及分析技术时，就可以开展下列工作：• Determine whether processes are behaving consistently or have stable trends (i.e., are predictable)确定过程的表现是否具备一致性或有稳定的趋势(如，是可预测的)• Identify processes in which performance is within natural bounds that are consistent across projects and could potentially be aggregated 识别性能在自然边界内的过程，此自然边界在项目间是一致的，并且有可能进行聚合• Identify processes that show unusual (e.g., sporadic, unpredictable) behavior识别表现出异常行为的过程(例如，偶发的、不可预测的)• Identify aspects of processes that can be improved in the organization’s set of standard processes 识别组织标准过程集中可进行的改进• Identify the implementation of a process that performs best识别最佳的过程This process area interfaces with and supports the implementation of other high maturity process areas. The assets established and maintained as part of implementing this process area (e.g., the measures to be used to characterize subprocess behavior, process performance baselines, process performance models) are inputs to the quantitative project management, causal analysis and resolution, and or。