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1、Period Four Grammar:Review of Verb Forms (2),复习动词时态() 1一般过去时的用法 (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示 过去的时间状语连用(如yesterday,last week,in 2000, two years ago,a moment ago等)。 The schoolboy fell off his bike yesterday. 这个男生昨天从自行车上摔了下来。,一、一般过去时,I had two eggs and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning. 今天早上我吃了
2、两个鸡蛋,喝了一杯牛奶。 (2)表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与 often,usually,sometimes等表示频度的词连用。 I often went to school on foot last term. 上学期我经常步行去上学。 Her father usually did some housework at home last year. 她爸爸去年常常在家做些家务。,(3)表示过去特定时间一次完成的有先后顺序的具体动作。此 时常常不用时间状语,而通过上下文情景来判断。 She got up, washed her face, cleaned her teeth
3、, had her breakfast and then went to work. 她起床了,洗完脸,刷过牙,吃过早饭,然后就去上班了。 I got to my office, opened my desk, did some cleaning and began to work. 我来到办公室,打开书桌,打扫了卫生,然后就开始工作。,2一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 (1)概念不同。一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去,与现在无 关,属于“过去”时态范畴;现在完成时强调的是过去发生 的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,属于“现在”时态范畴。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭没
4、有? Yes,I have.吃过了。 Where did you have it? 你在哪儿吃的? I had it at the school cafeteria. 我在学校餐厅吃的。,(2)时间状语不同。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间 状语连用,如:yesterday,two days ago,last year等。 现在完成时往往不与表示过去的时间状语连用,而 是多与before,already,ever,never,ever since, since等连用。,【单项填空】 If you dont like the drink you _ just leave it and try a d
5、ifferent one. Aordered Bare ordering Cwill order Dhad ordered 解析 考查动词的时态。句意:如果你不喜欢你所点的饮 料,就把它放那儿,试试另一种。dont like the drink是现在 时,点饮料是过去的动作,因此,用过去时,故选A。,A,When I got on the bus, I_I had left my wallet at home. Awas realizing Brealized Chave realized Dwould realize 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为:当我上了车后,我才意识 到我把钱包落在家里了
6、。I had left my wallet at home发生在 realized之前,前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点 是过去时,故选B。,B,1过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前已 经完成的动作。这个过去的时间常用by,before等引导 的介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以暗含在上 下文中。,二、过去完成时,I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已
7、经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。,2过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态持续到过去另一个时间,或还要持续下去,常与for,since等词连用。 He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.他在部队干了十年,去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 H
8、e had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他去英国深造前,已学了八年英语。,3使用过去完成时态的几个典型句型: (1)主语had hardly(scarcely)过去分词when (before) 主语一般过去时/主语had no sooner过去分词 than主语一般过去时 He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang. 他刚一进房间电话铃就响了。 They had no sooner got home
9、than it began to rain. 他们一到家,天就下起雨来。,(2)表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图,用过去完成时。 常用动词有hope,think,expect,intend,mean,suppose, want等。 They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time. 他们本来是要来帮忙的,但未能及时赶到。 (3)It was时间since主语十过去完成时 They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since
10、 I had enjoyed a good drink.他们请我和他 们一起喝酒。我说我至少有十年没有好好喝一次了。,4. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态;而过去 完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状 态,即“过去的过去”,当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动 作之前时,常用此时态。试比较:,【单项填空】 Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _from China. Areceive Bare receiving Chave
11、 received Dhad received 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为:上个月,日本政府对来自 于中国的援助表示了感谢。expressed是过去时,接受中国的 援助发生在expressed之前,是过去的过去,故用过去完成 时。选D。,D,She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything! Ahad been eating Bhad eaten Chave eaten Dhave been eating 解析 考查动词的时态。句意为:她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空 如也;她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了!“吃光”这个动
12、作 发生在“发现”之前,前一句交代了过去时间,因此选择过 去的过去即过去完成时。故选B。,B,1过去进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 He was playing while I was studying.我在做功课时他在玩。 (2)过去进行时表示婉转语气,只限于want,hope,wonder 等动词,用以提出请求。 I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。,三、过去进行时,(3)过去进行
13、时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,也可表示满 意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与always, forever,continually等副词连用。 They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。 The boy was continually asking questions. 这个男孩子老是问东问西的。,2过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 (1)过去进行时可表示过去反复地做的动作,而一般过去时表 示只做一次的动作。试比较: She was nodding.她不停地点头。 She nodded.她点了点头。 (2)leave,arrive,start,die等的过去进
14、行时表示“快要完 成,即将”,而一般过去时表示“已经完成”。试比 较: She was dying.她快要死了。 She died.她死了。,(3)过去进行时表示正在进行尚未完成的动作,而一般过去时 则表示已完成的动作。试比较: She was writing a letter at nine last night. 她昨晚9点钟在写信。 She wrote a letter and posted it.她写好信就寄走了。,【单项填空】 The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _in his place
15、but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. Agave Bgives Cwas giving Dhad given,C,解析 考查动词的时态。句意为:经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是,一切进展顺利。was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时,排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时,过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去的动作发生过,这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符,因为事情还在进展中,故选C。,结构不同 答案迥异 有许多试题,从表面上看是甲结构,而实际上是乙结构;或 者命题人考查的是甲结构,而应试者却将其误认为是乙结 构;或者从选项来看是甲结构,而题干考查的实际上是乙结 构等等。对于这类问题,若不仔细识别,很容易出错。下面 请看几个实例: 1We keep in touch _ writing often. Awith Bof Con Dby 这应该是一个比较简单的问题,你能选对吗?此题考查的是 keep in touch with这个短语吗?,2Mrs. Brown was mu