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1、十、特殊句式,考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有: 倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句等。,一、倒装句 1. 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前),*Out rushed a cat from under the table. *Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. *In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. *Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.,2. 部分倒装(助
2、动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前),*Only in this way can you solve this problem. *Never before have I seen such a moving film. *Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework. *So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. *Tom doesnt like bananas, neither/no
3、r do I.,【点津】 (1)there, here, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out等副词置于句首, 但主语为人称代词时, 不用倒装。 (2)only修饰主语置于句首时, 不能倒装。 (3)若两个主语一致时, 则表示同意以上观点, 不能倒装, 此时so表示“的确如此”, 即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。,(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时, 通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。 (5)Neither. . . , nor. . . “不, 也不”,
4、 连接两个并列分句时, 这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 (6)though引导让步状语从句时, 可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。,二、强调句 1. 强调句 (1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时, 可用that或who, 其他情况下用that。 *It was Belorussian writer Svetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature.,(2)在强调句中, 当强调主语时, 其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保
5、持一致。 *It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady. (3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时, 强调句结构须用: It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态, 则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。,(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。 *It was not until 11 oclock last night that he we
6、nt to bed. (5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式: Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。 *Was it in 1939 that World War broke out?,(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为: 疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? *Where was it that you met Jack yesterday?,2. 谓语动词的强调 (1)do/does/did+动词原形。 *Do come here this evening. (2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调, 一般意为“从来没有, 绝不”。,【点津】强调
7、句型与3大从句的辨析,三、省略句的5种类型 1. 宾语从句: 引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可省略。 *He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.,Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语, 后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定, 宾语从句可省略。 *Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not
8、rain).,2. 定语从句: 在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that, which, whom充当宾语, 而且前面无介词时可省略。 *He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday. the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which, the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。 *I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.,3. 状语从句: 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it, 且从句谓语中有be动词时, 可以省略状语从
9、句中的主语和be动词。 *(2014全国卷)When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.,4. 虚拟语气: 在虚拟条件句中, 如含有had, were, should, if可省略, 句子要用倒装。 *Were I (=If I were) twenty now, I would join the army.,5. 动词不定式: 不定式符号to的省略: a. 感官动词或使役动词(如feel, see, hea
10、r, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。 *I heard someone sing in the next room.,b. 在do nothing but, cant help but, why not, would rather. . . than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。 *He did nothing but wait all the time.,不定式省略: a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式, 常在be afraid, expect, forget
11、, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。 *I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.,b. 在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。 *Will you join in the game? Id be glad to. c. 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。 *Are you a
12、sailor? No, but I used to be.,四、祈使句 1. 否定式: 在动词前面加dont。 2. 强调式: 肯定句在其前加do, 否定句在其前加never。 3. 带有主语的祈使句: 为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”, 有时还可同时加称呼语。,五、反意疑问句 1. 陈述部分含有must: (1)当must作“必须”讲时, 其反意疑问词用neednt; 当含有mustnt(不允许、禁止)时, 其反意疑问词用must/may。 (2)当must表示推测时, 其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词。,2. 陈
13、述部分含有used to: 其反意疑问词用usednt或didnt。 3. 陈述部分含有ought to: 其反意疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt。 4. 陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词: 反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。 5. 陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词: 其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式。,6. 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时: 疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致, 但如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine等, 且主语为第一人称时, 疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。,六、感叹句
14、 1. How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! 2. How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 3. How+主语+谓语! 4. What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 5. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 6. What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! 7. What+名词+主语+谓语!,【典例剖析】单句填空 (2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stre
15、ss rather than another thing to worry about. 解题关键: 此处make sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about是祈使句。 答案判定: make,【高考题组】单句语法填空/单句改错 1. (2016江苏高考)Not until recently _ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 2. (2016天津高考)You
16、 are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. 3. (2015全国卷)Open the curtains and _ (turn) up the lights.,did,that,turn,4. (2015全国卷)We eat about 22 percent more when _ (use) a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. 5. (2015天津高考)Its the journey, not the arrival, _ counts. 6. (2014全国卷)In reality, its the chair _ does the important work.,using,that,that,7. (2015全国卷)Look at everything
