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1、Inthisclass,对化学反应的儿个解释:碰撞理论SCT过渡态理论TSTThelastclas3,对反应模垣的处理:复杂反应过程:平行,串级,连续,稳态近似TheoriesofelementaryreactionSimpleCollisiontheory(SCTD)forbimolecularreactionsTransitionstatetheory(TST)forbimolecularreactionsTwoimportantempiricalrule:Rateequation(ruleofmassactio0)ArrheniusequationLTSTTTTNeeTLTypeof|U
2、nimoleeularBimolecular|Termolecularreaction|reactionTreactionlTeaction人10510210?SmoL1dm3s1|mol2dmels1Aseemsrelatedtoeollisionfrequency.BoltzmanndistributiontermBasicIdea:ItisobyviousthatamoleculeofAcannotreactWithamoleculeofBunlessthetworeactantmoleculescanSomehowInzteriCt.Thisinteractioncanonlytake
3、placeiftheycomeWithinacertaindistanceofeachotheri.e.,collidesYithcachother:相互作用二多“碰撞(不一定接触)During1920s,M.Trautz,W.Lewis,C.HinshelwoodetaLfinallyestablishedatheorybasedonthecollision,WhichiscalledthesimzplecoJfsiozeory.Areactioncantakeplaceonlyifthemoleculesofthereactantscolide.Therefore,therateconst
4、antofthereactionmaybeDretiictedbycalcuiation0fthecollisionfrequencyofthereactants。ThefundamentofSCT圆Thepremiseofreactionisthecolisiorbetweenreactantts.Thereactionrateofreactionisproportionaltothecollisionfrequency(2);国Notallthecoliisioniseffective.Thecollisioncanbeeitherzoz-reactiye(elastic)coisiomo
5、rreactiveCoOJJisiom.Onlythemoleculesp0ssesenergyexCesst0acriticalvalue(E.)canleadtoreactivecollision.Thereactionrateofreactionisproportionaltothecollisionfrequency(2);|1kinetictheoryofgasesSCTassumesthatthemoleculescanbetakenasrigidballwithoutinnerstructure。.dsanddbarethediameterofAandBmolecule,respectively.B不动
