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1、一致,主 谓,主 谓 一 致,三原则,一、语法一致原则 二、意义一致原则 三、就近一致原则,壹 语法一致原则,指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式, 谓语也用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。,eg: His father is a doctor. They are students. We love our motherland., 由and或bothand.连接的并列主语 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数,若指同一个人或物,则谓语动词用单数。 eg:Both Lucy and Lily are students. A worker and w
2、riter is going to gave us a talk. 一个工人兼作家,用one、everyone、each one、any one、each、 either、neither等+of+名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is pretty., 不定代词either、neither、the other、another、someone、 somebody、something等在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 eg:Is there anything
3、wrong with your bike? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting? There is something wrong the my bike.,不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 eg:Reading is learning. To see is to believe., 主语后面跟有with, along with, except, besides, but, as well as, together with, including, rather than等词或短语,谓语动词的 数应与主语保持一致。 就远原则 eg
4、:The boy together with her parents goes to the museum once a week. All the students, including Tom, are going to the park.,由 “some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, 分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词常与of 后面的名词保持数的一致。 eg:Two thirds of the work was finished by me. Most of the comput
5、ers bought from Beijing., “a pair/a kind/a series.+of +名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词用 单数;“pairs/kinds+of+名词复数”做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 eg:A kind of birds has been discovered by them. Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.,某些只有复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 eg:My glasses were broken. pants shoes shorts trousers gloves clothes,梦家,
6、贰,意 义 一 致,主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定,而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数,但在意义上却为复数,谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式虽为复数,但在意义上视为单数,谓语动词应采取单数形式。 eg: Twenty dollars is too dear. My family are watching TV.,主语为集体名词,若表示集体概念谓语动词用单数 , 若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。team, class, group, company, eg:My family is a small one with three people. My fam
7、ily all like classical music. 有些集合名词,形式上是单数,意义上表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词news, physics等,形式上是复数,而意义上表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。 police,people人们 peoples 民族 eg:The police are looking for the missing child. Physics is very interesting. We all like it.,表示价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时,一般看成一个整体,谓语常用单数。 eg: Three years is a long
8、time. “the+形容词”作主语若表示一类人,谓语用复数;若表示一种抽象概念或品质,谓语用单数。the young / old/ rich/ poor eg:The rich are not always happy. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us. the + 姓氏 The blacks enjoy working in China.,弎 就近原则,就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的主语。 eg: Either he or she is wrong. Both he and I are wrong. 不是
9、 就是 要么 要么,. 由eitheror., neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接两个主语时,其谓语的单复数需与较近的主语保持一致。 eg: Neither her sisters nor Mary / is going to the party tomorrow. Mary nor her sisters are going to Not only my parents but also I am looking forward meeting my uncle., There be .和Here be 两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数 上保持一致。 There (引导词)+be(谓语)+主语+状语 eg:There are three apples and a banana in Toms bag. There is an apple and a banana in Toms bag. There is a table with three legs in Toms room.,谢 谢!,Thanks!,