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1、语义与汉英翻译（二）,三个人品字式坐了，随便谈了几句。 The three sat down facing each other and began casually chatting. 我只会马走日、象走田。 让你车马炮。 I only know the most basic moves. Would you like me to allow you a handicap?,You have to mind your ps and qs. 你得非常小心。 我姓李，木子李。 My surname is Li. 这是我们领导，陈科长。 This is Mr. Chen, our section
2、chief. 他砸了我的饭碗。 He has taken the bread out of my mouth. He has claimed my job. (formal),瞎子死了儿没指（子）望了 hopeless; lose all ones hope 农民工 migrant workers 外甥打灯笼照旧（照舅） get into the old rut 气管炎（妻管严） hen-pecked,“您辛苦了！” “welcome to our university！” or “Did you have a happy journey?” “您吃了吗？” “Hi!” or “Hello!”
3、,霍克斯红楼梦 “干娘”译为God Mother， “斋戒”译为in a retreat 红楼梦称呼语的翻译 比如“老爷”，若是家人与佣人或佣人之间的对话，译文是the Master或Sir Zheng；若是贾母同宝玉之间的对话，译文是your father；王夫人称贾政为老爷，译文是you；宝玉称贾政为老爷，译文是Father。而贾雨村的门子称他为“老爷”，译文又变为Your Honour。 宝玉称宝钗为“宝姐姐”，译文是cousin Bao，称袭人为“姐姐”，译文是Aroma。,红楼梦中的绝大多数尊谦语变为平语，少数尊谦语予以保留。 改变的如“犬子”译为my son，北静王称贾政“老世翁”
4、译为you； 保留的如“拙荆”译为my poor wife，贾政让元春贵妃“自珍加爱”译为cherish and sustain your precious person。,现在的原则：尊谦语一般变为平语。,贵公司：your company 拙著my book 贵府 your house 令尊your father 拙荆 my wife,中国人有大量自谦词，如“寒舍”、“敝人”、“犬子”、“贱内”、“老朽”、“拙作”、“愚见”等；对他人则有诸多敬称，如“您”、“令尊”、“令堂”、“贵舍”、“贵校”、“高见”、“大作”、“鸿论”等。英美文化中“自贬”成分较少。,王小玉便启朱唇、发晧齿，唱了几句书
5、儿。 译文1：Now open her rosy lip and her ivory white teeth shine, her song begins! 译文2：Little Jade Wang then opened her vermilion lips, displaying her sparking white teeth, and sang several phrases. 译文3：Little Jade then parted her lips and sang a few lines.,老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了。“文明”是三孙子。（老舍柳家大院） Old Wang
6、and I are considered the genteel folk in the compound. Gentility be hanged! (Gentility be blown! Gentility, the deuce take it!) 本例子中的“三孙子”是中国尊卑文化所产生的骂人词语，如直译为“third grandson”，难为英美人士所领悟，故改译为具有西方特色的咒骂语。,深层文化改动,如果深层文化部分，两种文化的差别太大，用过多的解释会影响文本阅读的流畅性，便可以改动，或使用文化等值词。,或钟情于棋琴书画，或醉心于花鸟鱼虫，或埋首于读书写作，或留连于名山大川，一切顺
7、乎自然，力所能及，随遇而安，怡然自得。 Either you learn some art if you are interested in any, or engage yourself in reading or writing or, if you like, do some gardening or traveling. In other words, you do what comes natural to you and what is within your power, adapt yourself to circumstances, and be contented with
8、 life.,红楼梦第31回,湘云道：“阴阳可有什么样儿，不过是个气，器物赋了成形。比如天是阳，地就是阴”,Yin-yang is a sort of force, said Xiang-yun. Its the force in the things that gives them their distinctive forms. For example, the sky is Yang and the earth is yin (Hawkes),“They are simply natural forces, but whatever they enter assumes a form.
9、Heaven is yang and the earth is yin, ”(the Yangs),有一次我写了一篇小说我不愿做女孩儿，刚要寄给一家刊物，被妈妈看到了。她看完小说已是泪流满面，但什么也没说，只是拿起笔来把“马力”两个字改成了“马丽”。 She picked up a pen and, without saying a word, changed my signature from Ma LiHorse the Powerful to Ma LiHorse the Beautiful.,练习,1. 春节是汉族和一些少数民族最隆重喜庆的节日。 2. 节日活动从腊月二十三开始。 人们
10、在此时打扫房间、院落、贴上年画窗花、准备年货。 3. 人们在门两边的门框上，贴上红纸，写上对联，以求吉祥和幸福。 4. 节日活动在除夕达到高潮，家家户户灯火齐明，全家团聚吃团年饭。 5. 大家互相祝愿，辞旧守岁。,The Spring Festival, the most jubilant and important festival in China, is observed by Han and some other minorities. Festivities begin on the 23rd of the 12th lunar month, when people sweep th
11、eir houses and courtyards, decorate the walls with New Years pictures and the windows with paper-cuts, and prepare food.,People hang couplet inscriptions on either side of the doors; the doors are pasted with couplets on red paper to seek good luck or happiness. Festivities reach their peak on New Y
12、ears Eve. Households are all brightly lit, and reunited family members have a big dinner. They extend good wishes to one another to bid farewell to the outgoing year, then they stay up late or all night.,翻译中的搭配和四字词语,关于搭配，首先可以查阅搭配词典，其次可以通过相关网站查询。,如： http:/www.webcorp.org.uk/ .hk/concordance/ http:/wo
13、rdnet.princeton.edu 等网址可以检索搭配,1、使用搭配网站（如http:/www.webcorp.org.uk；.hk/concordance）、 搭配词典（如牛津英语搭配词典）和语料库（如BNC语料库）检索搭配； 2、使用 、, http:/en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ http:/www.merriam- http:/dictionary.cambridge.org/（剑桥英语词典） , 3、对语料库提供的多个译文根据语境和英语习惯进行分析、判断，首先排除有错误的译文，然后通过使用韦氏或牛津同义词词典，或,避免蛇足,知识产权intellectual pr
14、operty (right) 降噪量 noise reduction (volume) 中国民航 Air China 中国国际广播公司Radio Beijing 海关总署 the Custom Service 版权税 royalty 证券交易所 Stock Exchange,产权交易所 property right exchange 国家出版局 the State Copyright Administration 国家工商行政管理局 the State Administration of Industry and Commerce 急诊室 emergency (room) 候机室 lounge
15、 高等教育研究所 Higher Education Institute,汉语四字结构的翻译,汉语四字结构的关系有三种：并列(co-ordinate)关系、偏正(modifying)关系、主谓(subject-predicate)关系。 一、并列关系 安定团结stability and unity 美丽善良kind-hearted and beautiful 干净整齐clean and tidy 典雅大方elegant and graceful,轻松柔软soft and light 送旧迎新to set off the old and welcome the new 改革开放reform and
16、 opening up 打砸抢beating , smashing and looting 丰衣足食 well-fed and well clothed.,有时候，并列关系的四字结构实际上是同义重复，汉语中往往是加强语势，翻译时只需要翻译一个即可。 生动活泼lively 光辉灿烂brilliant 打击报复retaliate 繁荣昌盛prosperous 添油加醋to add spice to,断章取义to quote out of context 贼眉鼠眼shifty-eyed (thievish-looking) 声嘶力竭to shout oneself hoarse 丰功伟绩great achievements 心灰意懒To feel disheartened 穷山恶水Poverty-stricken places; barren hills and untamed rivers,称心如意satisfactory 惊天动
