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1、名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,试比较：,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,1. 什么是宾语从句？,Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)? Our teacher told us that the earth goes a
2、round the sun. Please tell me where she has gone. I dont know if he will come tonight. Lets find out whats on tonight .,Find out the Object Clauses,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。,e.g. 1.I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2.He said (that) he missed us very much.,1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,2.由从属
3、连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not .,if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否” if/whether可互换, 但whetheror not为固定搭配.,3.由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1.Do you know whose book it is ? 2.Please te
4、ll me when well have a meeting . 3.Could you tell me why the train is late? 4.He asked who could answer the question.,当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。,2. 宾语从句中时态的变化,He will go to Hong Kong . He is sick. He is reading a book . He has finished his work.,He had finished his work.,He would
5、 go to Hong Kong .,He was sick.,He was reading a book .,当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。,the sun is much bigger than the moon .,Summer is after Spring .,the earth moves around the sun.,He told me (that),We kmew (that),The teacher told us (that),当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限
6、制，仍是用一般现在时态。,Danny says that he will learn English. Do you know where he came from? Please tell me how I can get to the bus station .,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,3.宾语从句的语序,宾语从句三要素,that+陈述句,ifwhether+一般疑问句,特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句,主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理时态不变,He asked,Why are you
7、 so happy ?,Why you were so happy ?,Am I taller than you?,if/whether,He asked,He taller than them.,was,1. Tom said. He is reading a book. 2. He asks me. Are they playing a game? 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. 4.Who bought the pen? He wondered. ,Tom said that he was reading a book.,He asks me
8、if/whether they are playing a game.,He told me Where the Hospital was.,He wondered who bought the pen.,注意：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。,Who can answer the question？The teacher asked The teacher asked who could answer the question Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened? Eg
9、: I dont know whats the matter.,1. The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _well. (go) 3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six o clock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already.,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,Exercises,5. He said th
10、at they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. （do) 7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 8. I think you _ about the relay race now. （talk) 9. I didnt know whom the letters _from. (be),had been,were doing,travels,are talk
11、ing,were,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 eg: I dont know whether or not he will come. 注意：如果or not放在whether所引导的从句 句尾，则可以用if来替换。 I dont know whether/if he will come or not. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2.注意whether和if的使用区别,a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if.,b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.,He asked me whether I wante
12、d to go there by train or by bus. 他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。 注：whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引 导让步状语从句。 Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time. 不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。,c.在强调任意选择时,用whetheror,此时不用 if 替换whether。,e.g. Whether he will come I am not sure. e.g. He asked me whether Id move to New York if
13、 I got the job.,d. 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。,e. 句子中有if 引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。,Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。 或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比： Please let me know whether you need help. 请告诉我你是否需要帮助。 I dont know if it wont rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是不是会下雨。,f. 容易产生歧义时用whet
14、her不用if来表示 “是否”。,g. 如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不用whether。,2).引导主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether e.g. Whether he comes or not makes no difference. 3). Whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可以 4).用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。 I dont know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。,a. 在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正 宾语) 的句型中不省略. eg: We must make
15、it clear that we mean what we say. b. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句 中,第二个that 不省略.,3. that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time. c.当that作介词except, in等宾语时 e.g. They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.,学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去； 宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 That 连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。 从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。 特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。,宾语从句歌,根据汉语提示，完成句子。,1.He says_ _.(他说他爸爸三天后回来) 2.Our teacher asks _ _.(昨天谁打碎了玻璃) 3.Please tell me_
