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1、Unit 3 On Reading,Samuel Van,About the Author,W. Somerset Maugham (1874-1965), British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era, and reputedly, the highest paid author during the 1930s. He is noted for his clarity of style and skill in storytellin
2、g. His best-known works include Of Human Bondage(1915), The Moon and Sixpence(1919),Text Structure,I: (1) the scope of this passage II: ( 2-3) the readers and the selection of books III: (4-5) the relationship between intellectual pleasure and the habit of reading IV: (6) the skill of skipping,Text
3、Analysis,In this essay, the author focuses exclusively on one point: Reading should be enjoyable. With neatly knitted development the author apporaches the theme from two perspectives - what to read and how to read. He points out that both should fit the readers own fancy.,Paragraph 1,In this paragr
4、aph, the author defines the scope of this passage: his discussion would exclude those books that bring tedium and boredom, since the main topic is clearly stated in the beginning “reading should be enjoyable.“,Paragraph 1,Q: What kind of books should be excluded from the authors discussion? Excluded
5、 from the authors discussion are those books which offer instructions to fulfill some utilitarian purposes such as getting a degree or earning a living.,Paragraph 1,Of course， there are many books that we all have to read, either to pass examinations or to acquire information, from which it is impos
6、sible to extract enjoyment. Of course, there are many books that are not interesting at all. In spite of that, we still have to read them because they can help us pass examinations or provide us with necessary information.,extract,(v.) remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstr
7、act sense; 2. get something despite difficulties or obstacles; 3. deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning); 4. obtain by the process of distillation; 5. separate (a metal) from an ore; 6. obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action; 1. They used to extract iron ore from this site. 2. The to
8、oth was eventually extracted. 3. The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.,extraction: the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means The extraction of minerals has damaged the countryside. extractive, extractability,extrac
9、tor abstract distract contract,tedium,(n.)1. the feeling of being bored by something tedious; 2. dullness owing to length or slowness Risk is what separates the good part of life from the tedium. The tedium of everyday existence does not tarnish my view of life, nor does it tamper with my ability to
10、 criticize it. tedious, tediously, tediousness “.enable us to get through them without tedium“ .enable us to finish our reading without getting bored.,Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity. We read such books because we have to, not because we love to.,resignation,(n.)1. acce
11、ptance of despair; 2. the act of giving up (a claim or office or possession etc.); 3. a formal document giving notice of your intention to resign His resignation was merely a gesture. Watergate Scandal led to the resignation of President Nixon.,alacrity,n.liveliness and eagerness敏捷；轻快；乐意 Although th
12、e man was very old,he still moved with alacrity. Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity. 这样的书，我们读得无可奈何而不是轻松愉快 Mr. Smith stepped forward with alacrity to tell him the agreeable news.,stall,(v.) 1. postpone doing what one should be doing; 2. come to a stop; 3. deliberately delay
13、 an event or action stalled (adj.) stopped He stalled his car near the exit. The extension of sanctions comes as six-party nuclear talks continue to stall. 在朝核六方会谈仍陷于停顿的情况下,相关制裁措施被延长。,Para 2,After defining the scope of his discussion, the author goes on to specify the readers who are eligible to rea
14、d the books in his mind. Then he moves on to the first topic-the selection of books for reading. In this paragraph the author points out a problem with some masterpieces, that is, “changing times and changing tastes have robbed them of their savor“ and it is no longer enjoyable for us to read them t
15、oday.,key points,1. “. to which the historians of literature devote considerable space“ -scholars of the history of literature write a lot of critical papers and comments on them 2. “.put my hand on my heart“ -Putting ones hand on ones heart is a sign of being honest and sincere, and is often used t
16、ogether with a verbal swear or solemn claim.,Para 2,Q1: Who are the eligible readers of the books in the authors mind? According to the author, the reader is an adult who has leisure time to read and would like to read the books.,Q2: What is the authors opinion about masterpieces? The author is very cautious on the matter. On the one hand, he believes that those acknowledged masterpieces are important to students. On the other hand, he realizes that all masterpiece d
