《高考英语一词多义、熟词僻义.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语一词多义、熟词僻义.ppt（27页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、最熟悉的“陌生人” 高考英语一词多义、熟词僻义,厦门双十中学 王庆华 2017-12-08,play avenue,阅读之本 完形之根 写作之魂,词 汇,Wilkinson (1972) once said: Without grammar, very little can be conveyed; Without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.,词汇应掌握的度?,音,pronunciation,形,spelling,义,meaning,性,part of speech,用,usage,polysemy,音、形、义、性、用 如：appreciate 音：
2、 英 priet 美 priet 形 ：appreciate 义: 鉴赏；感激 性：动词 appreciation 名词 用：后面接代词、名词或动词-ing形式作宾语,即 appreciate sth., appreciate doing sth. I would appreciate it if 如果，我将不胜感激。,back bk,名词： 1. 背部；背 2. 后部、后面；末尾 3. 脊柱；脊梁骨 4. （椅子等的）靠背 5. （书等的）最后几页、末尾,形容词：1. 背后的；后面的 2. 过去的；旧时的 a back number of the magazine 一份过期杂志 3. 到期未
3、付的；拖欠的 back pay/tax/rent,副词：1. 向后；在后；在背面 2. 与（某物）有距离 3. 控制住；忍住 4. 回原处；恢复原状 5. 以前,动词： 1. （使）后退，倒退 2. 帮助；支持 3. 下赌注于 4. 伴奏；伴唱 5. 位于（某物的）后面,Have a try!,1. A warm sunshine announces the coming of spring. 2. Her new hat certainly becomes her. 3. He was aching for home. 4. Who did it still remains cloudy.
4、5. The dining car was coupled onto the last coach(车厢). 6. Dont be cross with himafter all，he meant to help. 7. Were of the same build. 8. I will leave you to do as you like. 9. The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries. 10. She pictured herself at school in a foreign cou
5、ntry.,显示、预告,适于、适合,渴望,不明朗的,联合、连接,生气的,体格、体型,听任,通过、通行,想象,所谓熟词生义的“生”，是相对而言的。一般分为两种情况： 1、一种是一词多义中的衍生义，只是这个衍生义与基本义间的联系不容易想到，这需要在日常词汇学习时，培养结合具体的语境由词汇的基本义推测其衍生义的能力； 2、另一种是“生义”与基本义联系不紧密，不需要建立彼此间的联系，这需要在词汇学习时注意一些低义频的释义，特别是与基本义联系不大的释义。,例：2017年全国I卷阅读理解D篇,A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best wa
6、ys to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. readily 1.quicky and easily 快速地，便利地 e.g. Boats are readily available to visitors. 游客可以很方便地租到船只。 The information is readily accessible on the internet. 这些信息在因特网一查就能找到。 2. quickly, willingly and without complaining 乐意地 e.g
7、. Jack readily agreed to help. 杰克爽快地答应帮忙。,To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. across 熟义:v. 横过、越过 生义:1.到/在对面（adv./prep.） e.g. He lives across the street. The school is across the street. 生义: 2.宽（adv.） e.g. The river is 50 meters
8、across.,Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole. rest (v.)生义：1. (目光等）停留 e.g. As she spoke, her eyes rested on her husbands face. 2. 靠放；搁在 e.g. His head was resting on her shoulder. 3. 取决；在于 e.g. The final dec
9、ision rested with the president. 4. 使轻松；使舒适 e.g. It rests me to take a walk along the lake.,.,Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock. secure 熟义 adj. 安全的；可靠的；稳定的 生义 v. 1. 获得，得到 e.g. Boyds goal secured h
10、is teams place in the final. 2. 使安全，保护 e.g. Troops were sent to secure the border. 3. 将【某物】固定；缚牢，系紧 e.g. John secured the horse firmly to the tree. weight 生义 v. 用重物固定；使负重 E.g. The fishing nets are weighted down with lead. 渔网是靠铅坠下沉的,The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no mo
11、re than three inches above, the cup. center 熟义: n. 中间、中心、中央 生义：n. 中锋 v. 1. 集中；使聚集于一点 e.g. The coal mines are centered in Shanxi Province. v. 2. 把 放在中部；居中 e.g. They centered the mirror on the wall. 他们把镜子挂在墙的中央。,When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont ha
12、ve to break down the still every time you need a drink. refreshment 熟义 （精力或精神上的）恢复 生义：1. （u.）饮食、食物和饮料 e.g. We worked all day without refreshment. 我们不吃不喝地工作了一整天。 2. （plural）茶点、点心 e.g. Refreshments will be served after the meeting.,历届高考单选题举例,Encourage your children to try new things. But try not to _
13、them too hard. (2009全国I卷) A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push,push :逼迫，敦促,2. If you leave the club, you will not be _back in. (2009全国II卷) A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved,admit：准许进入、加入(俱乐部、组织)等；接收入学,3. Do you have enough to _ all your daily expenses? (2009年山东省） Oh, yes, enough and to spare.
14、A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer,cover: 包括；采访，报道；涉及；钱足够之用；走过,4.Though having lived abroad for years , many Chinese still _the traditional customs. (2008湖北） A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support,observe: 遵守规则，法律等; 庆祝,5. The professor could tell by the _ look in Marias eyes that she didnt unde
15、rstand a single word of his lecture.(2011浙江） A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh,blank:茫然的,6. The fact that she never apologized _ a lot about what kind of person she is. (2008山东） A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares,say: v. 显示，表明；n. 决定权；发言权,e.g. The chairman has the final say (= has the right
16、to make the final decision about something ) . 主席有最后决定权,一词多义：在英语词汇学习中给中国学生带来最大困难的是一些出现频率较高、词义较多、用法灵活且与其他词搭配能力强的“高频多义词”。在处理高频多义词时我们提倡建立基本义 (或词源义) 也称“根义”(通常放在第一层释义) 和衍生义之间的联系，紧紧抓住贯穿始终的基本义，从而理解并记住其他相关义项。这种方法可以避免死记硬背词汇的各个义项，轻松攻克高频多义词这一难关，同时还培养依据基本义在语境中推测词义的能力和理解语用意义的能力。,基本 词汇,study, accuse, beauty, crime, memory，Monday
