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1、双脊波导宽带定向耦合器设计摘要定向耦合器是微波系统中广泛使用的微波器件，在功率测量、微波传输系统，反射计及双工器等中有着广泛的应用。由于定向耦合器应用场合及条件的不同，其种类很多而且差异性极大。从结构上可分为波导、带状线、微带线、同轴线耦合器；从耦合形式上分为小孔耦合及缝隙耦合定向耦合器。现代电子系统、测量系统以及一些微波系统要求实现宽带，这种趋势对各种微波器件提出了更高的带宽要求，所以对宽带定向耦合器的研究具有重要的的现实意义。本文对脊波导、矩形波导、耦合方式进行分析的基础上，设计一款符采用非对称十字孔耦合定向耦合器。通过分析及仿真知脊波导与矩形波导相比截止频率更低，相同尺寸情况下脊波导具有
2、更宽的频带；非对称十字孔耦合在带宽方面比小孔耦合具有更宽的带宽更高的优势。本论文对双脊波导定向耦合器及同轴波导转换器进行全面分析研究，主要工作如下：1. 介绍了定向耦合器的种类、耦合机理主要性能参数等，在此基础上研究了双脊波导及矩形波导的传输特性，并利用HFSS软件给出了研究仿真实例。2. 设计一款采用非对称十字孔缝耦合定向耦合器，并对小孔孔径、孔间距以及孔边距对耦合器参数的影响进行分析。3. 设计一款双脊波导与同轴之间转换的同轴波导转换器，并对其阻抗匹配、带宽特性进行研究。4. 自己看看有没有要增加的研究内容或创新点。关键词： 定向耦合器 双脊波导 非对称十字孔 宽带AbstractThe
3、directional coupler is applied widely to Microwave Devices in Microwave System, for example there are all directional couplers in power measurement, microwave transmission system, reflect-meter, double stitch and duplexer. As the directional coupler has a wide use under different conditions. The dir
4、ectional coupler has a great many kinds and the otherness is large. In structure the coupler can be made in wave-guide strip-line microcircuit and coaxial axis. In coupling mode small aperture coupling is used most widely.Home and abroad the research of coupler is ripe, especially the research of wa
5、ve-guide coupler is Pinakamatagal and the kinds are the most. However, the researches of double-ridge waveguide directional coupler are few. Modern microwave systems have a trend that more and more wide band is needed. Because the request of bandwidth is more and more wider in modern electronic syst
6、em measurement system and other microwave systems, the trend promote the research of more wide band microwave devices, so the more wide band research has a greatly significant. Also this trend also promotes the research of coupler. In this article we will use the different principles of design of wa
7、veguide directional coupler for reference, we adopt the form of double-ridge waveguide to design high-power and broadband directional coupler. (Here we use the WRD650 standard form) As we know that the double-ridge waveguide has lower cut-off frequency than rectangular waveguide, the double-ridge wa
8、veguide also has wider single model bandwidth and lower impedance. So the double-ridge form has superiority. In the design first we adopt the circular holes coupling mode to acquire advantages and disadvantages in this mode. Then we change to adopt unsymmetrical cross hole to design the coupler. Com
9、paring cross hole and circular hole we can find that the unsymmetrical cross hole is better than circular hole. By theory analysis, numerical calculation and electromagnetism simulating software we compare the results and improve the property . For the perfect target we also take several particular
10、actions to improve the capability of double-ridge waveguide coupler.In this article, we have a comprehensive analysis and research to double-ridge waveguide directional coupler. The specific work is as follows:1. According to the basic coupler theory we apply the double-ridged wave-guide to coupler
11、design and analysis the superiorities of double-ridge directional coupler design.2. First adopting conventional sketched holes to design double-ridge directional coupler, then adopting improving form of unsymmetrical cross holes. Compare the forms, Double-Ridge Waveguide Directional Coupler in the f
12、orm of unsymmetrical cross hole is superior.3. Optimizing parameters of hole radius, hole distance and hole location, arriving at the best data.4. Analysis the effect when the structure of Double-Ridge Waveguide is changed little, and find the sensitive factors of the coupler indicators.5. Design th
13、e converter between the Double-Ridge Waveguide and Coaxial line. Solve matching problem of impedance between Double-Ridge Waveguide and Coaxial line6. By simulation software, simplify the calculation of radius of holes. Only knowing the proportion of hole radiuses, we optimize the best data by simul
14、ation software.目录摘要1Abstract2目录3第一章引言51.1研究背景与意义51.2双脊波导定向耦合器的研究状况71.3国内外动态81.4本论文的重要工作和章节安排9第二章 定向耦合器的理论基础112.1定向耦合器的结构特点112.2定向耦合器的技术指标132.3单孔耦合理论172.4相位叠加理论182.5 多孔耦合192.6 重要参数的设计22第三章 双脊波导定向耦合器的设计与研究233.1双脊波导的特征及参数233.2单孔耦合设计283.3双脊波导多孔耦合设计313.4非对称十字孔耦合器的设计363.5本章小结37第四章 定向耦合器结构尺寸对特性参量的影响394.1 孔
15、径大小对耦合器的影响394.2孔边距对耦合器的影响394.3孔间距对特性的影响414.4双脊波导的长边和窄边以及脊深度微小变化的影响434.5波导厚度的影响464.6 本章小结47第五章同轴波导转换器设计与研究485.1 探针激励波导结构485.2 转换接头的模型设计515.3本章小结53第六章总结54参考文献55致谢58攻硕期间取得的研究成果59第一章引言1.1研究背景与意义在微波系统中定向耦合器是一种用途广泛的四端口微波元件，在功率监视装置和接收机的混频器中都要应用定向耦合器。定向耦合器也是无线发射设备不可缺少的基本部件，它是调频多工器的重要组成部分，定向耦合器常被装在调频发射机各级的输入、输出端的同轴线路中，用来提供测量、监视信号，分别实现正输出功率和反射功率的取样、读值和相应的控制功能，所以定向耦合器直接与广播信号的播出质量和广播发射机设备运行安全性有关1。除此之外, 定向耦合器还可以用于功率放大器输出驻波比的测试、用于GTEM小室探头校准2、采用自动补偿法测试磁控管大功率等。目前国内外对定向耦合器的研究非常之多，特别是
