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1、Period Two Learning about LanguageGrammar Ellipsis省略句为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种现象称为省略。常见的省略现象有：1简单句中的省略：(1)省略主语。Havent seen you for ages.(I havent seen you for ages.)我很久没见你了。Sounds like a good idea.(That sounds like a good idea.)听上去是个不错的主意。(2)省略主谓语或一部分。Why not make an apology to him？(Why dont you make
2、 an apology to him？)为什么不给他道歉？This way，please.(Come this way，please.)这边请。Found the missing bag？(Have you found the missing bag？)你找到那个丢失的包了吗？I badly need to buy a cellphone，but I cant afford to(buy a cellphone)我急需买个手机，但我负担不起。注意：若不定式后为be动词时，则be不能省略；不定式后需用完成时时，则助动词have不能省略；如果不定式后要用完成时的被动语态时，则have后的been也
3、不能省略。You should have handed in your composition in time.你应该按时交作业。Yes，I should have(handed in my composition in time)，but I was too ill to finish it in time.是的，我本应该交，但我病得厉害，无法按时完成。Your son ought to have been scolded yesterday，he made faces in the history teachers class.昨天你儿子应该受到批评，他在历史老师的课上做鬼脸。So he
4、ought to have been(scolded yesterday)，but I couldnt find him yet.他确实应该被批评，但我找不到他。2并列句中可省略与前句中相同的成分。You learn Spanish and I (learn) German.你学西班牙语，而我学德语。When the summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night(is getting) shorter and shorter.夏天来的时候，白天越来越长，而夜晚越来越短。3主从复合句中的省略：(1)主句中有些成分可
5、以省略，特别是句首。Pity you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.(It was a pity that you couldnt come to see their wonderful performance.)很遗憾你没有来看他们精彩的表演。(2)省略从句中与主句相同的部分。I have a good opinion of soldiers，but I dont know why (I have a good opinion of soldiers)我对士兵有好感，但不知道为什么。(3)省略一个从句或从句的一部分，用so或n
6、ot(但不可用it或that)代替。Will he be able to pass the College Entrance Examination next year?他能通过明年的入学考试吗？I believe so.(I believe that he will be able to pass.)我相信会的。Do you think I will achieve success?你认为我能成功吗？Im afraid not.恐怕不行。(4)主句和从句中各有些成分被省略。The sooner，the better.(The sooner you do it，the better it wi
7、ll be.)越早越好。4其他省略：(1)连词that的省略：宾语从句中常可省略连词that，但多个that引导的宾语从句并列时只可以省略第一个that。由it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that也不能省略。He said (that) he would come and that he would stay here for only an hour.他说他能来，但只能待一个小时。I think it necessary that you should read English every day.我认为你每天读英语是很有必要的。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语、表语或在定语从句中用于there
8、be句型时，that也可以省略。This is the happiest day (that) I have ever spent in all my life.这是我一生中度过的最快乐的一天。China is not the country (that) she used to be.中国不再是以前那样。This is the fastest train (that) there is to Shanghai.这是去上海的最快列车。(2)不定式符号to的省略：并列的不定式，前面的不定式带to，后面的to可省去，但如果两个不定式之间有对比关系时，则不可以省去to。I told him to s
9、it down and wait for a moment.我告诉他坐下来等一会儿。To go home or to stay at school during the vacation is not decided yet.假期期间回家或待在学校还没有决定。主语和表语或主语与比较状语从句中的主语都为不定式时，to不能被省略。To see is to believe.眼见为实。It is better to stay here than to go home.待在这儿比回家更好。某些使役动词(如make，let，have)及感官动词(如see，watch，notice，observe，hear
10、，feel，look at，listen to等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to，但在被动语态中须把to复原。People saw the little hero fall from the tall tree.人们看到小英雄从高高的树上掉了下来。The little hero was seen to fall from the tall tree.小英雄被看到从高高的树上掉了下来。help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可被省略，也可不省略，但在被动语态中不能省略to。I will help (to) do it for you.我会给你帮助。The peasa
11、nts are often helped to repair tractors by the workers.农民常被工人帮助修拖拉机。介词but前若有动词do的任何形式，后面的动词不定式不带to。There was clearly nothing to do but turn to the police for help.很显然除了向警察寻求帮助，没有别的办法了。主语从句中有动词do时，后面作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略。What he did at last is (to) turn off the light and close the door before he left.他离开
12、前所做的最后一件事就是熄灯关上门。(3)连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可以省略，即当虚拟条件句中有were，should或had时，可省去if，并将were，should或had提至条件句的句首。Were I you (If I were you)，I would accept the job offered by that company.如果我是你，我会接受那家公司提供的工作。Should the earth stop moving some day(If the earth stop moving some day)，man would not survive.如果某一天地球停止转动，人类就
13、无法生存了。(4)在某些状语从句(如时间、条件、让步、方式、比较等状语从句中)，当主从句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省去从句中的主语和be动词。The professor wont come to give us a lecture unless (he is) invited.除非被邀请，教授不会来给我们做讲座。(5)在某些状语从句中，从句的主语是it时，其后的be动词连同主语it可一起被省略。Fill in the blanks with articles where (it is) necessary.在需要的地方用冠词填空。I will lend you some money
14、if (it is) possible.如果可能，我会借钱给你。(6)than和as引导的比较状语从句，在意义明确的情况下，可省略than和as后面的任何部分。I am nearly as tall as she (is)我几乎跟她一样高。A car goes faster than a bicycle (does)汽车比自行车跑得快。.完成句子1When_necessary(必要时)，you can send me an email.2Whether_true_or_false(不管是真是假)，the story is interesting.3He gave the_same_answer
15、_as_before(和从前一样的回答)4Why_not(为什么不) go and help him at once?5Arent you the manager?No，and I dont_want_to_be(不想当)6The patient feels better than yesterday.I know he_does(他好多了)7He opened his mouth as_if_to_say_something(好像要说话)8He may not stay at home.If_so(如果那样的话)，leave him a message.9Ill try my best to read more books if_possible(如果可能的话)10Will you join us in the discussion?Ill_be_glad_to(非常高兴).单项填空1Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._
