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1、v、B)Iksd杨惠中金艳41:本文作者从考试的效度和信度出发,论证了设计一项有效考试必须首先定义所要测量的语言能力结构。由于考试结果通常用分数来表达,因此作为科学的考试其分数必须具有可解释性,分数解释又涉及记分体制。为了使分数带有大量信息,便于用户使用,大规模标准化考试在最终报道考试成绩前,分数要经过加权处理、等值处理、正态化转换等一系列转换过程。作者接着说明了大学英语四、六级考试的分数解释和分数使用。1oM:分数可解释性;记分体制;大学英语四、六级考试;尺度相关-常模参照考试Abstract:Thispaperstartsfrom defining the construct tobeme
2、asured in theCETtests, predicted by the necessity of ensuringthe reliability and validity of a test .Since the test results are usually reported in the form of test scores, they must be inter-pretable, which involves theuse of a certain scoring system.In large-scale standardized tests, the test scor
3、es, before release,haveto undergo aseries of transformationprocesses, including scoreweighting, score equating, andscorenormalization, etc.,in order toprovideasmuch feedback information as possibleto theendusersof the test .The authorsthen explain in detail howtheCET test scores areinterpreted and u
4、sed .Key words:score interpretability;scoring systems;the CET tests ;criterion-related norm-referenced testsms|:H310.42DSM:CcI|:1004-5112(2001)01-0062-071.r、Ik1.1 定义所测量的语言能力结构kI3?Z4、N。?B,1SBABe。1?n51l?(the construct to be measured),#Bkr。rs“BkII?”5,4?%k=,kZE9。VkB48LT(operationalization)。kNi,X-SH、lH、9
5、88EHH,B?Z?Z。-S=k,WsBachmanq4=?。=?“s:?(language competence),M,(meta-cognitive strategies)”(Bachman 199667)。:“MVAT:kB,PdH。Mv:FM(organizationalknowledge)M。”“MP?、0、cil1,=im1,M1f1,V7。MZ:?MM。”(, 199669)Bachman:“PHtZ622001M1(981)?8,PaBf,?PPV?。”(199670)Bachman=?490M,90M。Sv、B)Ik1987M。wvv:,iIv、B)3。-v、B)Ik?,sk
6、、8k#=kB1,Qv、B)Ik!9kEl,9?n?4M%=/。“?(Mg)=?$,yNg?Z=?。kZ,sEVzkMg,78ELz?,yNM,7M。”(,Weir 199860)v、B)IkBMEMs、8Ascps,B48VC。-I?,PsEk;8?,P8Ek。Ps|=B8。P_l,9B=,V;?v、B)Ik“T”(Vr)“gIk”(CET-SET),5BT“=?”k,-=?(A,c),5BL=f?3,gh=?。1.2 语言测试是采样过程l?,5,#k,9#kr。?&E4,?4P,?VC,yNkYVwsk?。6BZ,kV?KHW=,V?ksk,Vd99A1,71skV?r。rAHq,1V、1
7、v、1。tHq,rVQ98d9+。kL,NqdB(199739 -43)。m1AVU1=?,E4;B?S。Ta=?Ar,TbV?Br,*kYVbKwsk=?A。IkTY(m1F)。Ts$VU,5VYVswsk?。2 .sVdIkKTsTI3,#sVd5。Tsiv7OVd,*IkIil。SIk,IksA/Hq:1)QIkr;2)QI63Foreign Language World No.1 2001(General SerialNo.81)k;3)Q;4)sVd;5)8C。1pSv、SVL、b,1。v?IkWY,BIkv,5IkT3T9v,Ik9BIk(high-staketests)。Ikr,
