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1、自动化专业英语教程,教学课件,July 28, 2007,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界,A 控制的世界 1.课文内容简介：这是一篇关于专业课自动控制原理、现代控制理论的综述性文章。主要介绍控制的基本概念、起源、功能、控制系统的分类和术语、控制系统工程设计问题等内容。 2. 温习自动控制原理、现代控制理论中绪论的内容。 3. 生词与短语 regulate v. 调整 abound v. 大量存在 power boost 功率助推装置 aerodynamic adj. 空气动力学的 damp v. 阻尼，减幅，衰减 yaw n. 偏航 a
2、ltitude n. 海拔 attitude n. 姿态 intuition n. 直觉 trail-and-error n. 试凑法,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界,dynamic response 动态响应 disturbance n. 扰动 parameter n. 参数 modification n. 修正，修改 transfer function 传递函数 domain n. 域，领域 advent n. 出现 state variable 状态变量 matrix algebra 矩阵代数 approach n. 途径，方法；
3、研究 proponent n. 提倡者 detractor n. 批评者 tutorial adj. 指导性的 subsequent adj. 后序的 open-loop n. 开环 closed-loop n. 闭环,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界,discrete adj. 离散的 differential equation 微分方程 difference equation 差分方程 interval n. 间隔 sampled-data n. 采样数据 nonlinear adj. 非线性的 time-invariant adj.
4、 时不变的 coefficient n. 系数 stationary adj. 静态的 lumped parameter 集中参数 distributed parameter 分散参数 spatial adj. 空间的 spring n. 弹簧 lead n. 导线 resistance n. 阻抗,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界,uniform adj. 一致的 elastic adj. 有弹性的 ordinary differential equation 常微分方程 partial differential equation 偏微
5、分方程 deterministic adj. 确定的 stochastic adj. 随机的 stkstk predictable adj. 可断定的 probability theory 概率论 multivariable n. 多变量 configuration n. 构造，结构 property n. 性质 model n. 模型 v. 建模 linearization n. 线性化 lnrazen strategy n. 方法 strtd performance criteria 性能指标 kratr,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的
6、世界,hardware n. 硬件 development system 开发系统 rationale n. 理论，原理的阐述 4. 难句翻译 1 The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system. 飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。,升力大于重力的时候，有规律的大幅度摇摆机翼，从
7、后面看飞机就像钟摆一样,P2U1A The World of Control 第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界,2 Since the output is fed back in a functional form determined by the nature of the feedback elements and then subtracted from the input 因为输出会以由反馈部件特性决定的函数形式反馈回来，然后从输入中减去,THE World of Control,The word control is usually taken to mean regulate,
8、 direct, or command. Control systems abound in our environment. In the most abstract sense it is possible to consider every physical object as a control system.,Introduction,控制一词的含义一般是调节、指导或者命令。控制系统大量存在于我们周围。在最抽象的意义上说，每个物理对象都是一个控制系统。,Control systems designed by humans are used to extend their physic
9、al capabilities, to Compensate for their physical limitations, to relieve them of routine or tedious tasks, or to save Money. In a modern aircraft, for example, the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control surfaces against large aerodynamic forces.,Control syst
10、ems designed by humans are used to extend their physical capabilities, to Compensate for their physical limitations, to relieve them of routine or tedious tasks, or to save Money. In a modern aircraft, for example, the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control s
11、urfaces against large aerodynamic forces.,控制系统被人们用来扩展自己的能力，补偿生理上的限制，或把自己从常规、单调的工作中解脱出来，或者用来节省开支。例如在现代航空器中，功率助推装置可以把飞行员的力量放大，从而克服巨大的空气阻力推动飞行控制翼面。,The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without the addition of a yaw
12、damper system. An autopilot (flight control system) relieves the pilot of the task of continuously operating the controls to maintain the desired heading, altitude, and attitude. Freed of this routine task, the pilot can perform other tasks, such as navigation and/or communications, thus reducing th
13、e number of crew required and consequently the operating cost of the aircraft.,The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without the addition of a yaw damper system. An autopilot (flight control system) relieves the p
14、ilot of the task of continuously operating the controls to maintain the desired heading, altitude, and attitude. Freed of this routine task, the pilot can perform other tasks, such as navigation and/or communications, thus reducing the number of crew required and consequently the operating cost of t
15、he aircraft.,飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向方式来驾驶飞机。自动飞行控制系统把飞行员从保持正确航向、高度和姿态的连续操作任务中解脱出来。没有了这些常规操作，飞行员可以执行其他的任务，如领航或通讯，这样就减少了所需的机组人员，降低了飞行费用。,In many cases, the design of control system is based on some theory rather than intuition or trail-and-error. Control theory is used for dealing wit
16、h the dynamic response of a system to commands, regulations, or disturbances. The application of control theory has essentially two phases: dynamic analysis and control system design. The analysis phase is concerned with determination of the response of a plant (the controlled object) to commands, disturbances, and changes in the plant parameters. If the dynamic response is satisf
