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1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,第一讲：宾语从句的引导词,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which， what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾
2、语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would like to see the headma
3、ster.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来） He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） The teacher told
4、 us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information
5、about that city . She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask him _. （他是否能来） 3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨）,if (whether) he will go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,1.当句末为or n
6、ot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 2.在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 3.在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if.,1. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether .如： I cant decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下 2. 在whether or not 的固定搭配中.如： I want to know whether its good news or not . 3. 在介词后,只能用whether.如： His father is worried about whether he lose his work
7、 .他的父亲担心是否会失去工作 . 4.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether .如： Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem .他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题.,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont r
8、emember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see . Do you know what time the plane leaves ?,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁） 3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班
9、上最好的） 4.Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站） 7. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,w
10、hy the train is late,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please te
11、ll us how soon you will be ready .,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that
12、 B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily
13、 said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. what C. when D. whether,B,A,B,D,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years
14、ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,第二讲：宾语从句的时态,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun .,1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 2. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the sun. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times. (be) 5
