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1、1,Lesson Three,Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis 细胞的增殖：有丝分裂和减数分裂,2,英语佳句300例之,The rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached （侵犯）on valuable cultivatable（可耕种的） land, and led to a general recognition（引起了广泛关注） that development must not be carried at the cost of agriculture. Th
2、e government has attached greater importance to（重视） the problem and an increasing number of redundant （多余的）projects are being terminated. 城区的迅速扩大在很多情况下侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的不必要的工程被终止。,3,Metaphase plate 赤道板，中期板,4,Cell plate 细胞板,5,Chromatid 染色单体,Centromere sentrmi 着丝粒 染色体上一段非编
3、码的DNA, 对动粒（或动粒蛋白）有组织和整合作用,6,Chalone klun :抑素 成熟的和分化的细胞产生的蛋白质，抑制DNA合成、原始细胞分裂，具有组织特异性，但无种属特异性。,Mammalian mmeljn : n.哺乳动物 adj.哺乳动物的 Homogenate hmdineit : n.均匀混合物, 生(组织)匀浆,7,Nucleosome nju:klisum 核小体,8,Chromatin krumtin 染色质,core particle 核心颗粒 dinucleosome model 双核小体模型 chromatin fiber model 染色质纤维模型,9,Cyt
4、okinesis saitukaini:sis 胞质分裂,10,Diploid diplid 二倍体，双倍的 Bi, di, dipl, twi, du /前缀/ 二，双，两 Haploid hplid 单倍体 Hapl(o)-, mono-, uni- /前缀/ 单，一，独 Monoxide mnksad 一氧化物 unicellular ju:niseljul adj. 单细胞的,11,Histone 组蛋白 五种类型：H1、H2A、H2B、H3、H4,12,Homologoushmls pair 同源染色体对,13,Karyotype kritaip 核型，染色体组型,14,Interp
5、hase int(:)feiz 分裂间期,15,Prophase 分裂前期,Spindle 纺锤体,16,Anaphase nfeiz 分裂后期,Pole n.棒, 柱, 杆, 竿, 极, 磁极, 电极;vt.用竿支撑, 用棒推;vi.撑篙,17,Telophase telfeiz 分裂末期,18,Metaphase metfeiz 分裂中期,19,Mitosis 有丝分裂,20,Autosome :tsum n.正染色体, 常染色体 Kinetochore kini:tk: n.生动粒；着丝粒 Partition p:tin n.分割, 划分, 瓜分, 分开, 隔离物;vt.区分, 隔开,
6、分割,21,Pinch n.捏,撮,收缩,紧急关头,匮乏, 压力 vt. 掐,夹痛, 修剪, 勒索, 使感缺乏, 使萎缩, 偷 vi.收缩, 节省 Progeny prdni: n.后裔,后代 a-,an- (元音前用) 无，非 asexualeiseksjul 无性繁殖的; abacterial 非细菌性的; amoral em:rl无道德感的 asymmetricsmetrk 不对称的;,22,Meiosis maiusis 减数分裂,23,英语佳句300例之,There has been a dramaticdrmtik （戏剧性的） increase in the spread of
7、AIDS in recent years, with a new study projecting that the dreaded（令人畏惧的） disease will affect over 30 million people worldwide by the year 2005. 近年来，艾滋病蔓延的幅度进一步扩大，一项新的研究预测，到2005年，世界上有超过三千万人将感染这一可怕的疾病。,24,Text:,1 The nucleus and chromosome,25,repository rpzt:ri: 储藏室 coil kil v.螺旋 supercoil cluster n.
8、 丛；簇，串；群 stretch stret n. 伸展；延伸 wind around 缠绕 histones n.组蛋白 nonhistone 非组蛋白的 beadlike 串珠状的 nucleosomes 核小体 dense dens 致密的 combine kmbain v. 使结合 chromatin. 染色质 chromosome 染色体,26,The cell nucleus is the main repository of genetic information. Within the nucleus are the chromosomes - tightly coiled s
9、trands of DNA and clusters of associated proteins. Long stretches of the continuous DNA molecule wind around these clusters of proteins, or histones, forming beadlike complexes known as nucleosomes. 细胞核是贮藏遗传信息的主要场所。细胞核内有染色体，包括由DNA紧密盘绕成的螺旋线以及相关的成簇蛋白质。连续的DNA链缠绕成簇的组蛋白, 形成珠链状的核小体。,27,More coiling and su
10、percoiling produces a dense chromosome structure. Each long strand of DNA combines with histones and nonhistone proteins to make up the substance chromatin. 这些螺旋和超螺旋形成致密的染色体结构。每个长链DNA与组蛋白和非组蛋白一起构成染色质。,28,pictorial pkt:ri:l adj. 绘画的；有图片的；图画似的 condense kndensvt. 变浓缩；使更紧密 karyotypekritaip n. 染色体组型 sex
11、chromosome 性染色体 homologous pairs 同源染色体对 autosomes 常染色体 organism :nizm 有机体 diploid diplid 二倍体 haploid hplid 单倍体,29,A pictorial display of an organisms chromosomes in the coiled, condensed state is known as a karyotype. Karyotype reveal that in most cells all but sex chromosomes are present as two cop
12、ies, referred to as homologous pairs. Non-sex chromosomes are called autosomes. 对生物这种致密的、双螺旋状态的图示我们称为染色体组。通过染色体组，我们发现除了性染色体外，大多数细胞的染色体成对出现，称同源染色体对。非性染色体称常染色体。,30,Organisms whose cells contain two sets of parentalprentl chromosomes are called diploid; those with cells containing a single set of paren
13、tal chromosomes are called haploid. 生物体内的细胞含有两套父母本染色体的称二倍体；含有单套染色体的称单倍体。 多倍体：带有两套以上同源染色体的细胞或个体。,31,2 The cell cycle,The cycle is divided into distinct phases: G1 (gap 1) S (synthesis), G2 (gap 2),and M (mitosis). As you can see, mitosis only occupies（占据） a fraction（小部分） of the cycle. The rest of the
14、 time - phases G1 through G2 - is known as interphase.,32,2 The cell cycle,33,regular 有规律的 divide 划分 分离 repeat vt. 重复 in effect 实际上 single-celled 单细胞的 immortal im:tl adj. 不死的；永恒的 multicellular mltiseljul多细胞的 muscle msl n. 肌肉 nerve n:v n. 神经 altogether 完全地 division divin 分开,34,The cell cycle is a reg
15、ular sequence in which the cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then repeats the cycle. Such cycling in effect makes single-celled organisms immortal. 在细胞生长过程中，细胞循环遵循固定程序，首先进行分裂准备，分裂成2个子细胞，子细胞再循环。此循环的存在让单细胞生物得以“长生不死”。,35,Many cells in multicellular organisms, including animal muscle and nerve cells, either slow the cycle or break out of it altogether. 多细胞生物中的许多细胞，包括动物肌细胞和神经细胞，要么细胞循环速度降低，要么全部从这个循环中脱离。,36,metabolismmaitblzmn. 新陈代谢 replicatereplketvt. 复制 histone histun 组蛋
