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1、,主旨题 2017高考 英语阅读题集训,Warm up How many differences？,英语考试大纲,要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：,（1）理解主旨和要义,（2）理解文中具体信息,（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义,（4）作出判断和推理,（5）理解文章的基本结构,（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度,2016高考全国新课标卷英语考试说明和考试大纲,（1）理解主旨和要义,英语考试大纲,任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的
2、是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。【难度大一些】这类试题主要考査考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。,（1）理解主旨和要义,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,了解主旨大意题的设题方式,学习任务一,1) 主题类 The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about? Which of the followi
3、ng statements is the main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类 The passage is meant/intended to The purpose of this article is to 3) 标题类 The best title of the passage is ,利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大 意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。,学习任务二 掌握定位主题句的方法,Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each ye
4、ar from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.,Sample 1,1、段首开门见山，点出主题。 语篇结构为：点出主题围绕主题 展开陈述、论证或说明,_,Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still
5、others like a democratic(民主的) discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time. （2）段尾详细论证，总结陈词。 语篇结构为：表述细节概括主题 （归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）,_ _,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a ch
6、ild who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. （3）段中引题过渡，导出主题。 语篇结构为:“引题主题思想解释”或“提问-回答解释”。,Sample 3
7、,_ _,4）首尾首尾呼应，烘托主题 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, s
8、tudies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?,语篇结构为:提出主题,展开论述或说明,进一步引申或发展主题, ,主题句的位置,1、段(文)首开门见山，点出主题； 2、段(文)尾详细论证，总结陈词； 3、段(文)中引题过渡，导出主题; 4、段(文)首尾首尾呼应，烘托主题；,学习任务三,以该主题句中的“话题”为核心，
9、把解释性的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组或短句。,掌握提炼主题句的方法,Sample 某一文章的主题句为： An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person. 该主题句的话题是： 解释性的词： 由此拟定标题为：,slogan,is to a brand what eyes are to a person,Slogan And Brand.,Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world. The
10、 best title for the passage should be _. A. Ways of making coffee B. Coffee around the world C. Advice on buying coffee D. Benefits of drinking coffee 解题分析： 该主题句的话题是： 解释性的词： 标题：,【Practice 1】,The topic sentence of a passage：,is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.,Coff
11、ee,(山东卷) Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brush Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed the
12、ir teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. Whats the most important invention . C. How Serval taught h
13、is kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush,【Practice 2】,_ _,On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object
14、. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的) container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and i
15、ts contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up. What is this paragraph mainly about? A. How space trash could be used. B. How Dana designed her satellite. C. How the satellite would work. D. How the satellite would be created.,学习任务四： 主旨大意题选项的特点,干扰项的特点,1.画蛇添足:即文中根本没有提到，把自己的观点强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言依据的信息。 2.帽子太大:即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节或文章缺乏充分的论证。 3.以偏概全:即只抓住了主题的一个侧面或一句没有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题。,正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词; 概括全文, 内容全面,含义深刻
