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1、1. History of Industrial Engineering一、 本章难点：1. 难点句型，参见Notes。2. 专业词汇，参见Words and Expressions。二、 本章重点：1. 了解工业工程的发展过程及标志性成就。2. 掌握工业工程相关专业术语。三、Words and Expressionsinherent adj. 固有的，内在的pushcart n. 手推车assign vt. 分配，指派manuscript n. 手稿，原稿integrated adj. 综合的，完整的incentive n. 激励doer n. 行为者，实干家rule-of-thumb 经验
2、法则happenstance n. 偶然事件thrust vt. 强加interdepenency n. 互相依赖，相关性Gantt chart 甘特图clipboard n. 有纸夹的笔记本stopwatch n. 秒表misgiving n. 疑虑refinement n. 改进的地方industrial engineering 工业工程operations research 运筹学organizational structure 组织结构wage incentive systems 工资（薪酬）激励制度（方法）work methods 工作方法work measurement syste
3、ms 工作测量方法（体系）production planning and control 生产规划与控制facility design 设施设计job evaluation 工作评价human factors 人因工程四、Notes1. He argued thatthe entire job.他主张分配生产任务，例如把制造一辆手推车的任务分成几个小的专门化的任务，给每个工人分配一项任务，这样制造整辆手推车的费用要比一个工人承担整项任务所需的成本要来得低。2. There werebe achieved.至于如何完成一项任务或应取得什么样的结果，一般是没有标准的。3. Taylor made
4、a significant a “happenstance”.泰勒将这一状况改变为一条法则，即管理是一项科学活动，而不是一个“偶然事件”，对此，他作出了重要贡献。4. The basic tool “Gantt chart”.甘特方法中使用的基本工具是工厂里全部工序同时发生的状况的图解表示法，这种图解表示法称为“甘特图”。5. Such practice led workers worker performance.这样的做法引起了工人们对提出该标准的“效率专家”的不满及对评价工人表现而使用的标准普遍不信任。五、工业工程发展过程及标志性成就1. Initial work in industri
5、al engineering is usually credited to applied economists and industrialists in England around 1800. The Scottish economist Adam Smith made pioneering observations as to the economies inherent in the division of labor in manufacturing jobs. Smiths theories and observations are summarized in the class
6、ic manuscript The Wealth of the Nations published in 1776. Charles Babbage extended the work of Smith. Babbage presented his conclusions in on the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures in1835. Around 1795, Matthew Boulton and James Watt developed a modern, closely integrated factory to produce steam
7、 engines in Soho, England. They implemented sophisticated management systems to aid in operating the plant, including standards for jobs in the factory.2. Developments in industrial engineering in American began with Frederick W. Taylor in the early 1900s. In fact, Taylor is often called the “father
8、 of industrial engineering”. He was concerned with developing scientific methods of both performing work and managing a production facility. His theories are summarized in The Principles of Scientific Management. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were responsible for much of the theory and techniques used
9、today in work methods and in work measurement. Henry Gantt was also concerned with the theory of work methods, but made more significant contributions in the area of production planning and control.3. There was rapid growth of industrial engineering during the two decades prior to 1930. Significant
10、developments took place in the areas of work methods, work measurement, facility design, wage incentives, job evaluation, human factors, and production planning and control.4. During the late 1940s and early 1950s the technique of operations research were introduced to industry in the United States
11、and Britain. Since that time, much of the growth of industrial engineering has been in the development and application of operation research techniques for the solution of problems in public and private sectors.2. Industrial Engineering Versus Operations Research一、本章难点1.难点句型，参见Notes。2.专业词汇，参见Words a
12、nd Expressions。二、本章重点1.了解工业工程与运筹学的关系。2.掌握相关的专业术语。三、Words versus prep. 与相对discipline n. 领域practitioner n. 专业人员mission n. 使命，任务essence n. 本质executive adj. 行政的characterize vt. 具备的特征optimum adj. 最适合的，最佳的underlying adj. 根本的methodology n. 方法论，方法学predominate vt. 主导，起主要作用collectively adv. 全体地，共同地label vt. 把
13、分为derivation n. 推导spectrum n. 范围，领域continuum n. 连续区，连续流macro adj. 巨大的，大量使用的reliance n. 依靠，信任layout n. 规划，设计，（工厂等）布局图warehouse n. 仓库template n.(=templet) 模板assume vt. 承担，担任analog n. 模拟analogous adj. 模拟的overlap vt. 交叠inventory control 库存控制flow diagram 工艺流程图mathematical model 数学模型linear programming 线性规划process planning 工艺规划，工艺规程设计methods improvement 方法改进job time standard 工时定额（标准）job evaluation 工作评价queuing analysis 队列分析production scheduling 生产规划quality control 质量控制facility design 设施设计human factors 人因工程四、 No
