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1、书面表达 (二) 书面表达（二） 专题一 议论文 高考议论文命题方式以文字提纲式和图表式为多，有时也以发言稿，倡议书，等应用文的形式出现。常见论说类型有社会问题（现象）式，批驳观点式，观点对比式三种。社会文体（现象）式议论文的篇章结构：1.开门见山简述该问题或现象，引出自己的观点和看法；2.陈述该现象产生的原因，影响及危害；3.表达自己的建议或想法。可包括解决措施，对前景的预测，结论或结束。批驳观点式议论文的篇章结构：1.引入观点或现象；2.分析原因；3.不同意及理由。观点对比式议论文的篇章结构：1.引入观点或问题；2.正反方观点及理由；3.我的观点，建议，总结。 话题一 环境保护一拟用关键词
2、和句型1.有关污染和生态平衡 environment 环境；environmental protection环保 ； ecological balance生态平衡 ； white pollution白色污染 ；plastic products 塑料制品； habitat 栖息地 ；natural resources自然资源 ； wild animals and plants 野生动植物；die out 灭绝 ；waste products 废弃物 ； endanger使遭危险；contribute to有助于； global warming 全球变暖； water shortage水缺乏 ；n
3、atural disaster自然灾害 ； do harm to / be harmful to 伤害 ；waste 浪费；save 节约2.有关解决办法 apply应用；control控制； put stress on强调； ban禁止； prevent/stop/keep.from.阻止 ；preserve保留 ； protect 保护 ；make the best of/make full use of 充分利用；recycle回收利用 take some measures/steps采取措施； meet the requirements 满足要求；be responsible for
4、对.负责；3.拟用经典句型It is important/necessary/difficult/convenient/possible for sb. to do sth/that sb. doIt is of great importance/necessity/difficulty for sb.to do sth.做.很重要/必要/困难/方便/可能There are several reasons for this phenomenon:The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: 造成这种现象的原因如下：Effective measu
5、res should be taken to.有效的措施应该被采取去.We cannot ignore the fact thatNo one can deny the fact that. 我们不能忽视这个事实.As we all know, pollution does great harm to human beings.众所周知，污染对人类造成了很多的危害。With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.随着工农业的发展，产生了越来越多的废弃物。We must make
6、good use of water and avoid polluting it.我们必须充分利用水资源避免污染它。Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.现在越来越多的人已经认识到了问题的严重性。Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.我们的政府正在积极采取措施阻止污染。In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is
7、to carry out the system of praise and punishment firmly.我认为，解决该问题最好的办法是实行严格的奖惩制度。The more effective measures should be taken immediately to protect wild animals.应该立即采取更有效的措施保护野生动物。Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.只有这样我们才能呼吸新鲜空气，过上健康生活。We should take good care of the fo
8、rest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.为了改善我们的生存环境，我们应当好好保护森林，栽植更多树木，杜绝乱砍滥伐。Nature is to us what water is to fish. 自然之于我们正如水之于鱼。With the development of modern technology, there are more and more people on the earth and fewer and fewer resources left.
9、随着现代科技的发展，地球上有了越来越多的人，却剩下越来越少的资源。Pollution is posing a threat to our earth.污染正对我们的地球构成威胁。People should be further educated to realize the importance of environmental protection.应该进一步教育人们来意识到环保的重要性。二范文学习；假定你是李华，David 是你的美国笔友。他对中国鼓励使用环保购物袋很感兴趣，来信询问此事。请你给他写封回信，主要内容如下：感谢他的关注；简要介绍相关情况；谈谈你的感想。注意：1.词数100作用
10、，信的格式已为你写好；2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；参考词汇：环保购物袋-environment-friendly shopping bag;关注-concern1. 审题构思体裁：应用文体，属于社会问题式的论述类型；人称：第一人称；时态：本文描述一种社会现象，应为现在时态；格式：书信；篇章结构：本文可采用三段式。第一段感谢关注；第二段介绍情况；第三段发表感想。内容要点：（1）采用概括性文字对来信进行答复，感谢关注；（2）展开叙述有关购物袋的情况，为文章重点部分。比如：以前中国使用购物袋的情况和危害，现在国家和百姓认识到了问题，政府鼓励使用环保购物袋，环保购物袋的好处，百姓对这
11、种购物袋的正确认识和态度等；（3）采用号召性和展望性的文字作结语。如：就这样发展下去，环境一定会更好。2. 范文赏析Dear David, Im glad that youve noticed our efforts directed toward environment protection. 使用过去分词作定语Thank you for your concern. As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white 使用高级词汇pollution, our government encourages us to use envi
12、ronment-friendly shopping bags.These bags are made for a variety of materials that can be easily treated when 使用高级词汇；被动语态； 定语从句；状语从句they become rubbish. Besides, they can be reused. More and more Chinese have 使用连接词；被动语态realized the advantage of such bags and started using them. I believe that wide u
13、se of these shopping bags can greatly improve our environment. This is one of the many steps we are to take to make our country and 使用定语从句；不定式even cleaner place. Yours, Lihua3. 模板参考1).写作模板一 Currently, there is a widespread concern over the issue that_.It is really an important concern to every one o
14、f us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know, there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all,_.In addition, another way contributing to success of solving problem is _. Above all, to solve the problem of _, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,_.2).写作模板二 Nowadays, there are more and more_in _. It is estimated that_
