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1、The selection of word meanings（一）according to the parts of speech(1) E: Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. C: 相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。 like: 相同的 adjective(2) E: He likes mathematics more than physics. C:他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。 like: 喜欢 verb(3) E: In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grain
2、s of dust shining like gold. C: 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发亮。 like: 像 preposition(4) E: Like knows like. C: 英雄识英雄。 like: 同样的人或物；英雄 noun（二）according to the context and the collocation of wordsLast:(1) E: He is the last man to come. C: 他是最后来的。(2) E: He is the last man to do it. C: 他决不会干那件事。(3) E: He is t
3、he last person for such a job. C: 他最不配干这个工作。(4) E: He should be the last (man) to blame. C: 怎么也不该怪他。(5) E: He is the last man to consult. C: 根本不宜找他商量。(6) E: This is the last place where I expected to meet you. C: 我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。Take off: E: To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to h
4、er, but it had been an agony for years. C: 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。(2) E: He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. C: 他工作的时候，总是坐在椅子边上，好像随时都会跳起身来的样子。 E: Their first major design was a pleated denim jean with external pockets dubbed “baggies” that
5、 took off in high schools and colleges and soon was imitated by other apparel manufacturers. C: 他们的头一项重要设计是一种打褶的、缝上明袋的蓝色斜纹粗布裤，这种裤子人们称为“袋子”，在中学和大学中首先流行，接着别的服装商店也都很快仿制起来。The extension of word meanings（一）abstracting the word meanings1. 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词(1) E: There is a mixture of the tiger and th
6、e ape in the character of the imperialists. C: 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。(2) E: Every life has its roses and thorns. C: 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。2. 将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词(1) E: See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. C: 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地
7、交替出现，一直没有明朗化。（二）concretizing the word meanings(1) E: The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. C: 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。Positive or negative (commendatory term or derogatory term)（一）本身就含褒贬意义的词(1) E: He was a man of high renown (fame). C: 他是位有名望的人。（褒义）(2) E: His notoriety as a rake did not c
8、ome until his death. C: 他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开来的。（贬义）(3) E: The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. C: 他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。（褒义）(4) E: Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. C: 亨利总是吹嘘说他曾同总统谈过话。（贬义）(5) E: “He was polite and always gave advice willingly,” she recalled. C: 她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人
9、不倦。” （褒义）(6) E: We were shocked by his coarse manners. C: 我们对他的粗暴态度感到震惊。（贬义）（二）本身中立，但在一定上下文中含有褒贬的意味 E: Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our time. C: 很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。(2) E: Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. C:他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中却
10、充满了雄心壮志。(3) E: The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents advice. C: 这个倔强的男孩不肯听父母的忠告。(4) E: The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. C: 侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗。(5) E: She is fidgety and restless. C:她生性急躁不安。(6) E: All the inventors have a restless mind. C: 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。 Exerc
11、ises: （一）根据right在句中的词类确定其词义并翻译句子。1. It is not right for children to sit up late.孩子们睡得晚不好。（形容词）2. The plane was right above our heads.飞机正好在我们头上面。（副词）3. She seated me on her right.她让我坐在她的右边。（名词）4. Righting the economy will demand major cuts in expenditure.恢复经济需要大量削减开支。（动词）（二）根据上下文及搭配关系确定划线部分的词义并翻译句子。1
12、. He is ill; that accounts for his absence.他病了，这就是他缺席的原因。2. In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy.他在这场战争中消灭了五个敌人。3. I want you to account for every cent you spent.我要你把花费的每分钱都交代清楚。4. Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.社会是由具有迥然不同的能力的人组成的。5. They made up a bed on t
13、he sofa for the unexpected visitor.他们把沙发收拾一下让这位不速之客睡。6. We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.我们不得不加快车速，以弥补在波士顿所耽误的时间。 7. The foreign trade has risen to unprecedented figures.对外贸易的数字有了空前的增长。8. Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.艾略特博士是学术界最受尊敬的
14、人物之一。9. On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato.书桌上有一尊柏拉图的铜像。10. He saw dim figures moving towards him.他隐隐约约看见一些人影在向他跟前移动。11. June was good at figure skating.琼善于花式溜冰。（三）根据上下文及逻辑关系对划线词作进一步引申，并翻译句子。1. There was no provocation for such an angry letter.写这样一封生气的信简直是毫无道理。 2. Fattys Restaurant had b
15、ecome an institution in his life in the last seven years.去法提餐厅就餐，七年来已成了他生活中惯常的事情。 3. The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition.那个箱子又大又笨重，装的都是书；不过他随身带的箱子却是另一回事。 4. The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Whos Who of Boston Society.参加婚礼的有波士顿社会名流，赫华德想到这次婚礼时，仍然感到非常得意。 5. The inventi
