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1、太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 硅藻精土处理洗铜废水中铜离子的试验研究 姓名：侯燕 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：杨云龙 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 硅藻精土处理洗铜废水中铜离子的试验研究 摘 要 水是人类赖以存在的三大生命要素之一。随着经济和城市化进程的加 快的发展，大量行业排放出含有重金属的污水，这使得水体污染现象十分 严重，对人类的生命健康和整个生态系统的稳定性也有着直接威胁。如今， 有很多处理重金属废水的技术如离子交换吸附法、电动修复法、膜处理技 术、化学沉淀法以及化学絮凝法等。硅藻土是一种来源广泛的新型的混凝 剂，利用硅藻土去除工业废水中重金属离子的方法具有很多优点，应用
2、前 景广阔。 本文首先概述重金属污水的来源和处理方法，并对硅藻土的相关性质 及其结构进行了介绍，还介绍了国内外有关硅藻土污水处理技术的应用实 例及其研究进展。 在静态实验条件下，研究了粉煤灰、聚合氯化铝以及硅藻精土处理含 重金属离子 Cu2+的洗铜废水。实验研究表明：粉煤灰处理洗铜废水中的铜 离子的最佳实验条件为：粉煤灰用量为 3.0g、洗铜废水溶液 PH 为 8、温度 为 30、 搅拌速度和搅拌时间分别为 300r/min 和 2.5h。 在最佳实验条件下， 洗铜废水中铜离子的去除率达 55.9%； 由聚合氯化铝除铜实验数据可知， 最 佳实验条件为：投加量为 1ml 的 4%的聚合氯化铝液体
3、、PH=7、搅拌速度和 时间为 100r/min 和 4min、静置时间为 30min，铜的去除率达到最佳效果为 92.95%；由硅藻精土去除洗铜废水中铜离子的静态试验得出的最佳使用条 件：含铜废水中硅藻精土投加量为 0.075 g/ml，pH 值为 7，搅拌强度和时间 分别为 300r/min 和 10min，静置时间为 30min。在常温下，按照上述最佳使 用条件进行含废水的处理，铜的去除率达到最佳效果为 97.38%。在允许的 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 条件下适当升高温度会达到更好的除铜效果。而且它们对洗铜废水中的 COD、SS、氨氮也有一定的去处效果。 根据对比粉煤灰、聚合
4、氯化铝、硅藻精土，选用硅藻精土去除洗铜废 水为最佳，并初探硅藻土对重金属的吸附机理。根据实际工程设计硅藻土 处理洗铜废水工艺，并介绍了硅藻精土污水处理工艺的原理、工艺流程、 工艺设计参数、工艺优点等，该工艺具有投资小，耗电少，成本低；占地 少，处理质量好，无二次污染；工艺流程短，设备简单，操作方便，实用 性强等优点。综合各种实验数据及理论分析，硅藻土在环境保护，特别是 重金属离子废水处理及环境修复中的应用具有重大意义，用于环境污染治 理将有广阔的应用前景。 关键词：硅藻精土，水处理，重金属铜离子，水处理工艺 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III DIATOMITE PROCESSING WA
5、STEWATER CONTAINING COPPER IN THE COPPER ION ABSTRAT Water is the human life is one of the three elements.With the development of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of industries such as electroplating, metal processing, metallurgy, leather, chemicals, mining, battery m
6、anufacture produce large Numbers of wastewater containing heavy metals, water pollution is more and more serious, the phenomenon of the life and health of human direct threat to the entire ecosystems and stability. At present, the metal wastewater treatment technology has many, such as chemical prec
7、ipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electric repair method, chemical flocculation, membrane processing technology, etc. By diatomite diatoms and other microbes are composed of the siliceous remains of biological siliceous rocks, with huge porosity.when and powerful surface adsorption performance. A
8、s a new kind of diatomite coagulants and has extensive use diatomite removal and sources of heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater treatment method is simple, cover an area of an area small, and no secondary pollution etc, and its application prospect. This paper outlines the source and heavy wat
9、er treatment method, and the 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV related raw diatomite properties and structure are introduced, and alsointroduces the domestic wastewater treatment technology of diatomite application and research progress. In the static experiment condition, the ash, the study effect and pure soil t
10、reatment including diatoms Cu2 + wash copper heavy metal ions. The results show that the ash effluent treatment wash copper copper ions of the optimum conditions for fly ash for: copper wastewater cleaning, 3.0 g solution for 8, temperature, PH for 30 degrees Celsius, stirring speed and mixing time
11、300r/min respectively and 2.5 h. In the experiment condition, the copper copper ions in waste water to wash the removal of 55.9%.except by determing the experimental data, the best known copper experimental conditions for: Voted for the amount of 4% of the aggregations 1ml of aluminum liquid, PH = 7
12、, stirring speed and time to 100r/min and 4min, quiet place for 30min，the removal rate to get best effect of 92.95%.Remove from diatom fine soil water to wash the copper copper ions in the best use of static test conditions: pure copper wastewater diatom soil dosing quantity for 0.96ka g/ml, pH valu
13、e for 7, stir intensity and time 300r/min and for 10min, quiet place for 30min ，the removal rate to get best effect of 97.38%. At room temperature, according to the optimal conditions of use for wastewater treatment, including copper removal to achieve the best effect. Under the condition of appropr
14、iate in elevated temperature can achieve better results than copper. And they washed in water to copper COD, SS, ammonia nitrogen also have certain places. 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V According to the comparison of fly ash and determing the pure soil, diatoms, remove fine soil diatoms wash for the best, and c
15、opper wastewater of heavy metals in N.NRakhlevskya,M.NSshepelva;L.PPlanning An Experiment During A Study of adsorption from Three component Solutions.1970, CA7318800. 27Kankanyan.A.G.，Gasparyar,S.E.;Natural adsorbents of the Armenlan SSR, adsorption properties of Diatomite. 1979, CA79108443. 28Zenan
16、a,A;Constantinescu,I.Possibilities of HCH from Wastewaters by adsorptionon porous Matrial.1997,CA119681. 29CN86106871.Treatment of organic Wastewater from Papermaking with Diatomaceous Earth.1986,CA110P198668. 30 Nitrate Granulate Produced at the Pulawy Nitrogen Works.1989,CA11156421. 31云南环境科学研究所昆明煤炭科学研究所.云南寻甸县先锋硅藻土在造价纤维及其 他工业废水处理中的应用研究报告R.云南：非金属矿，1986 . 32曹莉莉.饮用水处理中活性碳吸附卤乙酸的特性J.环境科学,1999, 20(5):72-75. 33朱利中,陈宝梁,沈韩艳.双阳离子有机膨润土吸附处理水中有机物的性能J.中国 环境科学,1999, 19(4):325-32
