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1、密 级： 学校代码：10075 分 类 号： 学 号：20091101 理 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 白洋淀碱性磷酸酶活性的时空分布及与 富营养化的关系 学 位 申 请 人：刘 莎 指 导 教 师：刘存歧 教授 学 位 级 别：理学硕士 学 科 专 业：生态学 授 予 单 位：河北大学 答 辩 日 期：二一二年五月 Classified : CODE: 10075 Classified Index： NO: 20091101 A Dissertation for the Degree of M. Science The Spatio-temporal Variation of Alkalin
2、e Phosphatase Activity and The Relevance with Eutrophication in Baiyangdian Lake Candidate: LiuSha Supervisor: Prof. Liu Cunqi Academic Degree Applied For: Master of Science Speciality: Ecology University: Hebei University Date of Oral Examination: May, 2012 摘 要 I 摘 要 白洋淀是华北地区最大的内陆淡水湖泊， 对华北地区的生态健康和环
3、境安全具有不 可替代的作用。近年来白洋淀水质受到严重污染，水体富营养化形势日益严峻，其生态 系统的恢复已成当务之急。研究白洋淀水体中碱性磷酸酶活性分布、发生发展规律以及 与环境因子的相互作用是治理富营养化的基础。基于此，本文于 2010 和 2011 年 4 月、 7 月、 9 月和 11 月对白洋淀 8 个典型监测点水体和沉积物的碱性磷酸酶活性以及环境状 况进行了调查，分析了碱性磷酸酶活性及其分布规律以及与环境因子的关系，以期为白 洋淀富营养的治理提供理论依据。本研究得到以下结果： 1 白洋淀理化因子变化具有时空异质性，利用 4 项理化指标换算得到的营养状态指 数表明白洋淀水体年周期均处于富
4、营养状态。经主成分分析，白洋淀水质主要是以 CODMn，BOD 为代表的有机物污染和以 NH4-N 为代表的毒性因子以及 TN、TP 引起水 体富营养化为特征，与营养状态指数评价得的富营养化状态相对应。 2白洋淀水体和沉积物中碱性磷酸酶活性都有着显著的空间分布规律。 从季节上看， 随着春季温度回升，水中动植物生长，消耗大量的磷，碱性磷酸酶的活性得以激发、增 大，到夏秋季节达到高峰，冬季降到全年最低点；从空间上看，富营养化程度高的烧车 淀碱性磷酸酶活性最高，王家寨、端村和圈头三个监测点水体中平均碱性磷酸酶活性无 显著性差异，且大于水质较好的枣林庄、光淀和采蒲台。 3 研究结果表明，碱性磷酸酶活性
5、与温度、总磷、浮游植物密度成极显著正相关关 系（p0.01） ，与氨氮、氮磷比成显著负相关关系（p0.05） ，与高锰酸盐指数成显著正 相关关系（p0.05） 。可见，影响碱性磷酸酶活性的因素是多方面的。水体中和沉积物 中碱性磷酸酶活性可以作为湖泊富营养化的指标，这对检测水质营养状况，预防富营养 化，防止水华爆发有着重要的意义。 4 从酶活性水平来看，白洋淀湖泊中碱性磷酸酶活性明显高于国内许多同类型的湖 泊，表明白洋淀湖泊富营养化状况已经相当严重，是白洋淀面临的重大问题。应尽快制 定相应的政策法规减少排污排废，同时，控制农、牧、渔等内源污染，定期挖泥清淤， 更应广泛开展宣传教育，提高广大群众的
6、环境意识，加强白洋淀水环境的管理和恢复。 关键词 白洋淀 富营养化 碱性磷酸酶 沉积物 Abstract II Abstract As the largest inland freshwater lake in the North China, Baiyangdian lake plays an irreplaceable role in the ecological health and environmental safety. In the recent twenty years Baiyangdian lake has been contaminated seriously, its
7、restoration is becoming a top priority. Succession of alkaline phosphatase activity is basic to improve the eutrophication of Baiyangdian lake. In the paper, eight typical sites was selected in April, July, September and November in 2010 and 2011, in order to investigate the alkaline phosphatase act
8、ivity and the state of environment and analyse the relationship between alkaline phosphatase activity and environmental factors, which can provide the theoretical basis for improving eutrophication of Baiyangdian lake. The results were followed as: 1 The physical and chemical factors of Baiyangdian
9、lake existed temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Using four indicators to calculate the TSIM, all the sites in Bangyangdian lake were in the eutrophic state. Pollution of Baiyandian lake was characterized by CODMn， BOD5，TN and TP by principal component analysis. 2 The temporal and spatial distributi
10、on of alkaline phosphatase activity in water and sediment of Baiyangdian lake had a significant characteristic. In temporal view, with the water temperature rose, aquatic animals and plants bloomed and consumed a large amount of phosphorus. Alkaline phosphatase activity was induced and increases to
11、summit in summer. The activity of alkaline phosphatase dropped to bottom in winter. On the spatial side, the activity of alkaline phosphatase had a maximum value in Shaochedian, which was at high level of eutrophication, and had a equal level in Wangjiazhai, Duancun and Quantou. The sampling sites o
12、f Zaolinzhuang, Guangdian and Caiputai had a low-level of enzymatic activity. 3 The results show that the activity of alkaline phosphatase in water and sediment could be used as indicator of eutrophication. It has important significance to water examination and prevention of eutrophication. 4 From t
13、he perspective of enzymatic activity, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in Abstract III Baiyangdian lake is obviously higher than many of same type lakes. For this reason, Baiyangdian lake is in serious state of eutrophication. As soon as possible, we should formulate corresponding policies and r
14、egulation to reduce sewage discharge and control agriculture, husbandry and fishery and other interior pollution. At the same time, it is necessary for sediment dredging and wide education to strengthen the management and restoration of water ecosystem. Key words Baiyangdian lake eutrophication alkaline phosphatase sediment 目 录 IV 目 录 第 1 章 绪 论1 1.1 白洋淀概述1 1.2 富营养化概论1 1.2.1 富营养化1 1.2.2 湖泊系统中的磷 2 1.3 碱性磷酸酶
