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1、北京故宫英文导游辞 FORBIDDENCITY(紫禁城) (Infrontofthemeridiangate) LadiesandGentlemen: Iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday. Thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthePurpleForbiddenCity.ItisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinChinatoday.UnderMingEmperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.Ittook14yearstobuildtheF
2、orbiddenCity.ThefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasMingEmperorZhudi.Forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenQingEmperorPuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.In1987,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenCitywasawor
3、ldculturallegacy. ItisbelievedthatthePalaceMuseum,orZiJinCheng(PurpleForbiddenCity),gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,TheancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheZiweiYuan(NorthStar).TheconstellationcontainingtheNorthStarwascalledtheConstellationofHeavenlyGodandstari
4、tselfwascalledthepurplepalace.Becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.Infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftinge
5、astwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,LaoZi,totheHanghuPass.Here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.Thewordjin(forbidden)isselfexplanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoffexplanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandofflimitstoordinarypeople. Theredandyello
6、wusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.Redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.YellowisthecoloroftheearthontheLoessPlateau,theoriginalhomeoftheChinesepeople.YellowbecameanimperialcolorduringtheTangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture. TheFor
7、biddenCityisrectangularinshape.Itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.Ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.A52meterwidemoatencirclesa9.9meterhighwallwhichenclosestheplex.Octagonshapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.Therearefourentrancesintothecity:theMerid
8、ianGatetothesouth,theShenwuGate(GateofMilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(GateofmilitaryProwess)tothenorth,andtheXihuaGate(WesternFloweryGate)tothewest,theDonghua(EasternFloweryGate)totheeast. ManpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheForbiddenCity.Atotalof230,000artisansandon
9、emillionlaborerswereemployed.MarblewasquarriedfromfangshanCountryMountPaninJixianCountyinHebeiProvince.GranitewasquarriedinQuyangCountyinHebeiProvince.PavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinSuzhouinsouthernChina.BricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginShandongProvince.Timberwascut,
10、processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions. ThestructureinfrontofusistheMeridianGate.ItisthemainentrancetotheforbiddenCity.ItisalsoknowsasWufenglou(FivePhoenixTower).Mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthoftheChineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.Theyalsousedthi
11、splaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks. Qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.QingEmperorQianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoon)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotherEmperorsnam
12、e,Hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.QingDynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.Forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheEmperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar. (AfterenteringtheMeridianGateandstan
13、dinginfrontoftheFiveMarbleBridgesonGoldenWaterRiver) nowweareinsidetheForbiddenCity.Beforewestartourtour,Iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbefourus.Topletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorthsouthaxis,and8kilometerlonginvisiblelinethath
14、asbeeaninseparablepartoftheCityofBeijing.TheForbiddenCitycoversroughlyonethirdofthiscentralaxis.MostoftheimportantbuildingintheForbiddenCitywereearrangedalongthisline.Thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidlystratifiedfeudalsystem. TheForbiddenCityisdividedi
15、ntoanouterandaninnercount.Wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.InfrontofusliestheGateofsupremeHarmony.Thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.Thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.Theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresen
16、tstateunity.Theotheroneisafemale.Underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.ThewindingbrookbeforeusistheGoldenWaterRiver.Itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.ThefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyConfucius:benevolence,righteousness,rites,intellenceandfidelity.Therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorthsouthaxisisitsarrow.Th
